A Critical Analysis Of Machiavellis The Prince Philosophy Essay

A Critical Analysis Of Machiavellis The Prince Philosophy Essay You have got to be cruel to be kind. Would this be an adequate summary of Machiavellis advice on cruelty? If so, why? If not, why? How does his advice on cruelty reflect his beliefs about politics? In the Prince, Machiavelli explores the world of governments and rulers and comes up with revolutionary ideas for a prince to acquire the leading position in the government and maintain his authority and leadership. However, the philosopher does not teach the ruler to be good and just; he aim is to provide the governor with practical applications of being a great prince but not a good one. Machiavelli focuses on evil features more because they would help to advance the power of the prince. In his book, it does not seem that an evil or cruel behavior is an unacceptable one, as he alters the moral vocabulary about vice and good. In the book, Machiavelli starts with his dedication to Lorenzo de Medici and finishes it with an assertion that Italy must revive and gain considerable power. Therefore, it is hard for me to judge if the philosopher was concerned with acquiring a better vocation or with genuine patriotic feelings that were expressed in his attempt to call for dramatic action. Y et, I will argue that in terms of Machiavelli a potential ruler has to pretend to be an old prince-the one that is familiar with the experiences of his predecessors-and act as if he is kind. This pretence makes a cruel prince a kind one and preserves his glory and prosperity of a state, which are supposed to be the aims of the ruler. In chapter fifteen, Machiavelli states that Many have imagined republics and principalities that have never been seen or known to exist in truth. For it is far from how one lives to how one should live. That he who lets go of what is done for what should be done learns his ruin rather than his preservation (p. 54). The passage hints to the Platos Republic, in which the he reports that the philosopher kings should govern society. The governors have to be good and just and they must help their subjects to maintain the purity of their souls and also be good. In the Prince, a ruler should read historical works, especielly for the light they shed on the actions of eminent men to imitate some eminent man, worthy of praise and glory (p. 51). However, Machiavelli is interested an actual truth of the matter and not the utopia of it. He compares a prince to a prophet, which does not necessarily mean that the he has divine knowledge; instead it gives them exceptional responsibilities like law m aking and shaping opinions that govern our lives. Thereby, Machiavellis prophetic prince has philosophers features as he tries to reform human opinion over the justice and evil; he acts as if he is good, but does not have to be good. To back up his conclusions, Machiavelli comes up with extreme examples such as Romulus and Cains murders of Remus and Abel respectfully. These murders were the fundaments of the societies and, therefore, the philosopher asserts that no good is possible without evil. Thus he redefines Platos ideas of the philosopher kings who approach pure reason to be good and just; instead, Machiavelli gives examples of extraordinary situations and draws the morality that would perfectly fit the situation. Also, he reforms the meaning of the word virtà ¹: a prince can act in an evil fashion, as fortune and circumstances [would] dictate (p. 23) in the chapter thirteen, he gives an example of the biblical story of David and Goliath. In the initial story, David is armed with a sling only; but, the philosopher also gives him a knife. This detail hints that the Gods promise is not enough and David would be safer with an additional secret weapon. This additional detail is a metaphor, which implies that the prince has to propagandize proper religious views; on the other hand, he has to use a certain extent of cruelty and be utterly self-reliant to achieve desirable outcomes. Self-realization, courage, and ruthlessness are the qualities that contribute to the effective exercise of power, which is a touchstone of political success. As Machiavelli puts it all the armed prophets conquered and the unarmed were ruined (p. 20). To describe the genuine prince, Machiavelli comes up with a metaphor of a beast. In chapter eighteen, he writes that there are two ways of contesting, the one by the law, the other by force; the first method is proper to men, the second to beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient, it is necessary to have recourse to the secondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is necessary for a prince to understand how to avail himself of the beast and the man (p.62) Since in the Machiavellian theory the princes goal is to seek glory, the ruler has to be lucky. The luck or Fortuna is opposite to reason; it favors those who act or the brave. The Fortuna has to be mastered and, therefore, it requires a reservoir of force to master. Also, the deceit is, as Machiavelli puts it, a good quality. He exemplifies this with an Italian proverb Alexander never did what he said, Cesare never said what he did (p. 35). Following the winds of fortune, power, and deception, one would be conferred with glory. The p hilosopher is a pure consequentialist, as he justifies anything that is necessary to preserve the glory of his state and his own fame. The Machiavellian virtue is not the same with the Christian values. Thus, the duplicity of the prince and his behaviors are praised throughout the book and are perfectly excusable for the eventual purposes. To underline an exemplary behavior of the prince, Machiavelli gives an example of Cesares policies in chapter seven. When the duke had taken over the Romana, he found it had been commanded by impotent lords who had been readier to despoil their subjects than to correct them and had given their subjects matter for disunion, not union (p. 23). Cesare sends a lieutenant to that area who reduced it to peace and unity with the very greatest reputation for himself (p.23 ). However, Cesare did not want to have strong local government. Thus he set up court with wise civil authority that would judge and advocate each citizen from the lawlessness of his minister. And having seized this opportunity, he had emplaced one morning in the piazza in two pieces, with a piece of wood and a bloody knife beside him. He had him cut in two; the bloody knife and piece of wood beside him. Machiavelli concludes that the ferocity of this spectacle left the people at once satisfied and stupefied (p.23). The pri ncely virtà ¹ leaves people content and fooled. In chapter fifteen on the things for which man, and especially rulers, are praised or blamed, Machiavelli reflects on the very basic assertions of morality and virtues. He states that a ruler who wishes to maintain his power must be prepared to act immorally when this becomes necessary (p. 55). Thus the prince has to do what is generally done and not what he ought to do (p. 54). In other words, the chapter teaches the ways of not being good (in Platos meaning of the word). To affects the norms of everyday life, the prince had to learn how to manipulate the religion skillfully. In chapter eighteen, the philosopher states that the ruler has to be utterly religious. The prince should appear all mercy, all faith, all honesty, all humanity and all religion (p. 62) the pretence to be a genuine Christian is helpful for creating an appropriate public image; however, the actual practice of its values is evidently dangerous. In the Republic, Socrates states that it is better to be just then to seem just. The princes morale goes against the passage in the book, which teaches how to be good, as one cannot be good without being just. Considering the metaphor of the prince who reconciles a man and a beast, the man is a humble and submissive Christian, the beast in its turn is capable of performing courageous and bold actions. In Machiavellian opinion, Christianity should not constrain any political activity. The matters of government should be solely secular. The philosopher strives to create a new type of republic, which would deal only with practical issues and without asserting any transcendental moral law. As a scholar Steven Smith asserts, not only did Machiavelli bring a new worldliness to politics, he also introduced a new kind of populismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as Plato and Aristotle imagined aristocratic republics that would invest power in an aristocracy of education and virtue, Machiavelli deliberately seeks to enlist the power of the people against aristocracies of education and virtue. To maintain this kind of state, the republic has to have imperialistic ambitions and consequently be aggressive. Interestingly, the Machiavellian republic concerns only with practical worldly affairs; however, its the philosophers imaginary project or theoretical suggestion of his form of government. The new type of morality is a foundation for this reign. Thus, Machiavellian prince always has to pretend to be a man, but be a beast if needed. Altering the hypostasis, the brave ruler masters the fortune and gains glory for himself and his state. The philosophers morality asserts that the prince does not have to be good; instead he has to manage to be religious and pure on the public eye, but reasonably cruel and not always trustful in the reality. He justifies the actions of the ruler with the privileges one gets from the princes constant actions to maintain the prosperous state and peaceful sleep of the citizens. Thus the prince mixes his love for the good with the skillful cruelty. Machiavellian morale highlights that the good is only possible in the context of moral evil. This a clear break w ith Plato and the Christian values and, moreover, the philosopher seeks to set free the real politics from the ecclesiastical patronage. Thereby the prince uses religion for his benefit but does not allow himself to be used by it. One can see that Machiavellian authority is self-bestowed and not granted by ethereal forces. Machiavelli grants the rule with the knife he gives to David in one of his passages, signifying that the prince has to be more self-reliant then hoping for the otherworldliness help. In the Prince, a reader can access information that used to be not available to everyone. The philosopher gives the reader a chance to come to terms with the idea that the good in politics cannot exist without a certain extend of cruelty. Moreover, when this cruelty is adequately used, it becomes a virtue that sustains the well being of the state and makes the ruler glorious. Work cited: Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Print Plato. Republic. New York: Oxford Press, 1994. Print Smith, Steven. Machiavelli, the Prince:. Yale University.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2006. Open Yale Courses. Web. 26 Feb. 2010.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  political-science/introduction-to-political-philosophy/content/sessions/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lecture10.html>.

Essay on The Jungle and Things Fall Apart -- comparison compare contra

The Jungle and Things Fall Apart Frederick Douglass once said "Where justice is denied, where poverty is enforced, where ignorance prevails, and where any one class is made to feel that society is in an organized conspiracy to oppress, rob, and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe." Frederick Douglass was a runaway slave turned abolitionist, and while his history is quite amazing, what is even more intriguing is that this quote sums up the theme behind two books that have nothing to do with slavery or each other. One can conclude, therefore, that oppression, whether by law, in tradition, or by circumstance, is a universal theme. It's sting knows no bounds, geographical, racial, or otherwise. The African American slave suffers from the same plight as the impoverished immigrant and the indigenous peoples subject to the invasion of Christian missionaries. Oppression, as a result, is a tie that binds two very unique novels together, or perhaps, just maybe they are not so different at all. Their parallels can best be analyzed by taking a closer look into the environments, the main characters, and the chilling symbolism present in The Jungle and Things Fall Apart. The environments of both novels stand in stark contrast with each other; one a world of metal and machines, the other a land of straw huts and bare necessities. The common theme, however, is painfully simple. Both cultures are governed by the land, Chicago by the economy and Umuofia by it's traditions. In Chicago, when the economy suffered so did the packing industry. When the world demanded less meat people would be laid off. In Umuofia so long as all people lived by the traditions and l... ...tion and all people obeying said traditions. When the environment crumbles so do the societies that are dependant upon them. The two main characters are driven men who despite heroic efforts fall victims to circumstances they are powerless over. Jurgis and Okonkwo both fight the good fight, but lose to a world the cares not for their troubles. Finally, through symbolism the novels truly come alive. The symbolism present gives the reader a clear depiction of the cruelty that is to befall both men. It is truly tragic how close these horrific stories are, a sad testament to dark chapters in time honored establishments, American economy and Christian missionaries. If these are the consequences of such highly thought of establishments, is there anyway to stop oppression from overcoming the world? It tends to make one think.

Aristotle and Happiness of the Soul Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essay

One of Aristotle’s conclusions in the first book of Nicomachean Ethics is that â€Å"human good turns out to be the soul’s activity that expresses virtue†(EN 1.7.1098a17). This conclusion can be explicated with Aristotle’s definitions and reasonings concerning good, activity of soul, and excellence through virtue; all with respect to happiness. Aristotle opens his argument with the statement: â€Å"the good has been well described as that at which everything aims†(1.1.1094a2). This premise means that all actions aim at an end that is good. Moreover, through this definition of good, there are numerous goods corresponding to numerous actions. How can we know which good is the best, or highest good? Aristotle introduces a hierarchy of goods. In order to have an end there must be an activity, yet â€Å"the product (of the activity) is by nature better than the activity†(1.1.1094a6). Rather, each end in turn aims for something else: another end. It seems that this hierarchy would perpetuate into infinity, however Aristotle establishes that there is an action that has an absolute end, meaning that the end aims at nothing else. The action that produces the absolute end is pursued â€Å"because of itself;† thus this end will be the highest and best good (1.2.1094a18-22). Further, Aristotle parallels the highest good with happiness: â€Å"As far as its name goes, most people virtually agree [about what the good is] †¦ (and) call it happiness†(1.4.1095a17-19). In order for happiness to fit Aristotle’s definition of the good it must be â€Å"unconditionally complete† meaning â€Å"choiceworthy in itself†(1.7.1097a34) and â€Å"self-sufficient† meaning â€Å"lacking nothing†(1.7.1097b15). To be the highest good happiness will need to be the â€Å"mos... ...Aristotle’s conclusion relates human good, activity of soul and excellence. It is this expression of virtue through action that allows happiness to be obtained. Such dependence on virtue sets the scene for Aristotle to examine virtue more closely. He will elaborate on the two parts of reasoning well (virtue). The first part of reasoning well is having the right desires to aim oneself at the right good and not just the apparent good. The second part of reasoning well is knowing how to get to this proper desire. This will be further elaborated in book two where Aristotle will explore what it means to reason well and what is means to be virtuous. Work Cited Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Terence Irwin. Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis. 1985. Note: In citations, [] indicate translators additions, while ( ) indicate my own additions.

Craig Ventors First Cell

Cr Craig Ventor first first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell ROCKVILLE, MD and San Diego, CA (May 20, 2010)— Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a not-for-profit genomic research organization, published results today describing the successful construction of the first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell. The team synthesized the 1. 08 million base pair chromosome of a modified Mycoplasma mycoides genome. The synthetic cell is called Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1. and is the proof of principle that genomes can be designed in the computer, chemically made in the laboratory and transplanted into a recipient cell to produce a new self-replicating cell controlled only by the synthetic genome. This research will be published by Daniel Gibson et al in the May 20th edition of Science Express and will appear in an upcoming print issue of Science. â€Å"For nearly 15 years Ham Smith, Clyde Hutchison and the rest of our team have been working toward thi s publication today–the successful completion of our work to construct a bacterial cell that is fully controlled by a synthetic genome,† said J.Craig Venter, Ph. D. , founder and president, JCVI and senior author on the paper. â€Å"We have been consumed by this research, but we have also been equally focused on addressing the societal implications of what we believe will be one of the most powerful technologies and industrial drivers for societal good. We look forward to continued review and dialogue about the important applications of this work to ensure that it is used for the benefit of all. † According to Dr.Smith, â€Å"With this first synthetic bacterial cell and the new tools and technologies we developed to successfully complete this project, we now have the means to dissect the genetic instruction set of a bacterial cell to see and understand how it really works. † To complete this final stage in the nearly 15 year process to construct and boot u p a synthetic cell, JCVI scientists began with the accurate, digitized genome of the bacterium, M. mycoides. The team designed 1,078 specific cassettes of DNA that were 1,080 base pairs long. These cassettes were designed so that the ends of each DNA cassette overlapped each of its neighbors by 80bp.The cassettes were made according to JCVI’s specifications by the DNA synthesis company, Blue Heron Biotechnology. The JCVI team employed a three stage process using their previously described yeast assembly system to build the genome using the 1,078 cassettes. The first stage involved taking 10 cassettes of DNA at a time to build 110, 10,000 bp segments. In the second stage, these 10,000 bp segments are taken 10 at a time to produce eleven, 100,000 bp segments. In the final step, all 11, 100 kb segments were assembled into the complete synthetic genome in yeast cells and grown as a yeast artificial chromosome.The complete synthetic M. mycoides genome was isolated from the yeast c ell and transplanted into Mycoplasma capricolum recipient cells that have had the genes for its restriction enzyme removed. The synthetic genome DNA was transcribed into messenger RNA, which in turn was translated into new proteins. The M. capricolum genome was either destroyed by M. mycoides restriction enzymes or was lost during cell replication. After two days viable M. mycoides cells, which contained only synthetic DNA, were clearly visible on petri dishes containing bacterial growth medium.The initial synthesis of the synthetic genome did not result in any viable cells so the JCVI team developed an error correction method to test that each cassette they constructed was biologically functional. They did this by using a combination of 100 kb natural and synthetic segments of DNA to produce semi-synthetic genomes. This approach allowed for the testing of each synthetic segment in combination with 10 natural segments for their capacity to be transplanted and form new cells. Ten out of 11 synthetic fragments resulted in viable cells; therefore the team narrowed the issue down to a single 100 kb cassette.DNA sequencing revealed that a single base pair deletion in an essential gene was responsible for the unsuccessful transplants. Once this one base pair error was corrected, the first viable synthetic cell was produced. Dr. Gibson stated, â€Å"To produce a synthetic cell, our group had to learn how to sequence, synthesize, and transplant genomes. Many hurdles had to be overcome, but we are now able to combine all of these steps to produce synthetic cells in the laboratory. † He added, â€Å"We can now begin working on our ultimate objective of synthesizing a minimal cell containing only the genes necessary to sustain life in its simplest form.This will help us better understand how cells work. † This publication represents the construction of the largest synthetic molecule of a defined structure; the genome is almost double the size of the previou s Mycoplasma genitalium synthesis. With this successful proof of principle, the group will now work on creating a minimal genome, which has been a goal since 1995. They will do this by whittling away at the synthetic genome and repeating transplantation experiments until no more genes can be disrupted and the genome is as small as possible. This minimal cell will be a platform for analyzing the function of every essential gene in a cell.According to Dr. Hutchison, â€Å"To me the most remarkable thing about our synthetic cell is that its genome was designed in the computer and brought to life through chemical synthesis, without using any pieces of natural DNA. This involved developing many new and useful methods along the way. We have assembled an amazing group of scientists that have made this possible. † As in the team’s 2008 publication in which they described the successful synthesis of the M. genitalium genome, they designed and inserted into the genome what they called watermarks.These are specifically designed segments of DNA that use the â€Å"alphabet† of genes and proteins that enable the researcher to spell out words and phrases. The watermarks are an essential means to prove that the genome is synthetic and not native, and to identify the laboratory of origin. Encoded in the watermarks is a new DNA code for writing words, sentences and numbers. In addition to the new code there is a web address to send emails to if you can successfully decode the new code, the names of 46 authors and other key contributors and three quotations: â€Å"TO LIVE, TO ERR, TO FALL, TO TRIUMPH, TO RECREATE LIFE OUT OFLIFE. † – JAMES JOYCE; â€Å"SEE THINGS NOT AS THEY ARE, BUT AS THEY MIGHT BE. †-A quote from the book, â€Å"American Prometheus†; â€Å"WHAT I CANNOT BUILD, I CANNOT UNDERSTAND. † – RICHARD FEYNMAN. The JCVI scientists envision that the knowledge gained by constructing this first self-replicatin g synthetic cell, coupled with decreasing costs for DNA synthesis, will give rise to wider use of this powerful technology. This will undoubtedly lead to the development of many important applications and products including biofuels, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, clean water and food products.The group continues to drive and support ethical discussion and review to ensure a positive outcome for society. Funding for this research came from Synthetic Genomics Inc. , a company co-founded by Drs. Venter and Smith. Background The research published today was made possible by previous breakthroughs at JCVI. In 2007 the team published results from the transplantation of the native M. mycoides genome into the M. capricolum cell which resulted in the M. capricolum cell being transformed into M. mycoides. This work established the notion that DNA is the software of life and that DNA dictates the cell phenotype.In 2008 the same team reported on the construction of the first synthetic bacterial ge nome by assembling DNA fragments made from the four chemicals of life—ACGT. The final assembly of DNA fragments into the whole genome was performed in yeast by making use of the yeast genetic systems. However, when the team attempted to transplant the synthetic bacterial genome out of yeast and into a recipient bacterial cell, viable transplants could not be recovered. Ethical Considerations: Since the beginning of the quest to understand and build a synthetic genome, Dr.Venter and his team have been concerned with the societal issues surrounding the work. In 1995 while the team was doing the research on the minimal genome, the work underwent significant ethical review by a panel of experts at the University of Pennsylvania (Cho et al, Science December 1999:Vol. 286. no. 5447, pp. 2087 – 2090). The bioethical group's independent deliberations, published at the same time as the scientific minimal genome research, resulted in a unanimous decision that there were no stron g ethical reasons why the work should not continue as long as the scientists involved continued to engage public discussion. Dr.Venter and the team at JCVI continue to work with bioethicists, outside policy groups, legislative members and staff, and the public to encourage discussion and understanding about the societal implications of their work and the field of synthetic genomics generally. As such, the JCVI’s policy team, along with the Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), were funded by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for a 20-month study that explored the risks and benefits of this emerging technology, as well as possible safeguards to prevent abuse, including bioterrorism.After several workshops and public sessions the group published a report in October 2007 outlining options for the field and its researchers. Most recently in December of 2008, JCVI received funding from the Alfred P. Sloa n Foundation to examine ethical and societal concerns that are associated with the developing science of synthetic genomics. The ongoing research is intended to inform the scientific community as well as educate our policymakers and journalists so that they may engage in informed discussions on the topic.About the J. Craig Venter Institute The JCVI is a not-for-profit research institute in Rockville, MD and La Jolla, CA dedicated to the advancement of the science of genomics; the understanding of its implications for society; and communication of those results to the scientific community, the public, and policymakers. Founded by J. Craig Venter, Ph. D. , the JCVI is home to approximately 400 scientists and staff with expertise in human and evolutionary biology, genetics, ioinformatics/informatics, information technology, high-throughput DNA sequencing, genomic and environmental policy research, and public education in science and science policy. The legacy organizations of the JCVI are: The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA), the Joint Technology Center (JTC), and the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation. The JCVI is a 501 (c) (3) organization. For additional information, please visit http://www. JCVI. org. Media Contact: Heather Kowalski, 301-943-8879, hkowalski(AT)jcvi. org

A very brief history of human relations management

Human Relations Management began with Mary Parker Follet, a social worker with 25 years of experience working with schools and non-profit organizations. She is best known for developing ideas of constructive conflict (also called cognitive conflict). She believed conflict could be beneficial. She believed the best way to deal with conflict was not domination or compromise, but rather integration. Elton Mayo, best known for the Hawthorne Studies, investigated the effects of lighting levels and incentives on employee productivity.Chester Barnard, an experienced top executive, became very influential (and best known) for his ideas about cooperation and the acceptance of authority. He proposed a comprehensive theory of cooperation in formal organizations and defined an organization as â€Å"a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons. † The human relations school of management is also known as motivational theory. Not everyone is on board with a ll its concepts; however, it would be hard to argue the fact hat it has changed management practice overall (and over a period of years) for the better.Human Relations Management Theory considers employees differently than the more overbearing management theories strong in the past. Largely based on theories of Douglas McGregor, HR Management Theory makes the assumption that people want to work. The assumptions are also made that people are responsible, self-motivated, and wanting to succeed; and, further, that they nderstand their own position in the company hierarchy.McGregor called this Theory Y. Theory Y is the total opposite of what McGregor called Theory X. Theory X takes the view that employees are lazy, not at all motivated, seek only their own security from work, and that they require supervision and discipline. In a nutshell, Human Relations Theory clearly views workers as much more than a cog in the company wheel. It makes the assertion that businesses prosper as they hel p their employees prosper.

Wuthering Heights

Emily Bronte was the middle woman in the most celebrated nineteenth century literary family. Supplemented by sister Anne and more renowned sibling Charlotte, she had a love for the Yorkshire moors and human passion, which are both reflected in the only novel she compiled in her 29 years – Wuthering Heights. At the time of its release, 1847, this controversial text divided many critics, and still does to this day. Many, me included, do not appreciate its content or intended objectives. Others oppose this viewpoint, stating that it's a masterpiece years, in terms of its originality, beyond the date of its initial publication. One thing does impress me in this carefully woven novel. Just as Francis Ford Coppola did with tremendous success in the Godfather Part II in 1976, Bronte splits the story into two with the future generation mirroring their ancestors, whether it be the characteristics or mistakes they duplicate there is an apparent resemblance between the old and new guard. The conflicting narrators provide both humour and useful insight into the inhabitants of the moors. Lockwood, the voice-over at the beginning, has acquired the tenancy of Thrushcross Grange and decides to introduce himself to his new landlord, Heathcliff. Their meeting takes place at the nearby Wuthering Heights household. Lockwood establishes a long-winded narrative, which suggests he is a well-educated man, but seems to lack direction. This is understandable considering he is placed in unfamiliar surroundings. Nevertheless, his landlord Heathcliff is hostile and unfriendly to Mr. Lockwood, who rather naively believes that their next meeting will drastically improve. Lockwood's second visit seems to be heading in the same direction as his previous one, with Heathcliff's servant Joseph offering no help whatsoever. However, Lockwood's visit vastly improves due to the introduction of Hareton and Catherine. The above point, to a certain extent, condemns the admirers of the book and supports its critics. This is because the story development is regarded as coherent, whereas Lockwood's improved visit is unpredictable and surprising. Lockwood displays, as he did in his original assessment of Heathcliff, poor judgement, mistaking dead rabbits for cats and in attempting to piece together the family history. Heathcliff promptly corrects him. He is invited to stay where he unravels some of the family mystique and endures nightmares as a result. Lockwood, despite being accompanied by Heathcliff to the gate of Thrushcross Grange, loses himself and increases the journey considerably. Lockwood, desperate to know more, asks his new housekeeper, Nelly Dean to enlighten him of Heathcliff's history. It is here where Lockwood hands over the narrative role to Dean. Nelly maintains this capacity for the remainder of the novel, albeit for the concluding three chapters, where Lockwood returns and resumes his role as commentator (symmetry.) The housekeeper is the complete opposite to her employer in terms of style. She uses elementary vocabulary, which is inferior to Lockwood's, but is far more effective as it is direct, relevant and essential in giving accounts of characters and their respective histories. This allows the reader to identify with that particular person and the motives and emotions behind their actions. It's revealed that Mr.Earnshaw, father of Catherine and Hindley, has adopted Heathcliff. Immediately this causes dissension in the Earnshaw ranks and both of Earnshaw's biological children dislike their relation. However, Catherine comes to grow fond of Heathcliff and the pair forge a tight-knit bond. Hindley displays jealousy. Not only has his sister changed her perspective on this outsider but, it appears that he has been displaced as Mr.Earnshaw's preferred son. After the death of his father, Hindley succeeds his father as the main resident at Wuthering Heights with his wife Frances. Catherine and Heathcliff have now established an intimate relationship, which furthers Hindley's disregard for Heathcliff. He, out of spite, degrades him by making him do intensive, boring work and isolate him from his sister by ordering Heathcliff to live with servants. Catherine, as a result of watching the Lintons at Thrushcross Grange, is attacked by guard dogs and her ankle is severely injured and is forced to remain at the Grange momentarily while Heathcliff returns to the Heights. Catherine's tenure at Thrushcross Grange seems to have transformed her into a new person. After regaining full fitness, she returns a smart lady. The example of Catherine's class elevation in just over a month reflects the impact the environment appears to have on the inhabitants. At Thrushcross, the surroundings are beautiful and captivated with fresh air, which is shown in the Lintons. Meanwhile, at Wuthering Heights, the house, located in a particularly rough region, is fading quickly. This has obviously rubbed off on Heathcliff and Hindley, who are possessive and bitter. While Catherine's undoubted love for Heatcliff hasn't diminished in their separation, it, possibly inadvertently, contributes to the eventual termination of their relationship, as she has developed affection for Edgar Linton. Catherine is given an ultimatum: Heathcliff or Edgar. She famously tells Nelly Dean: â€Å"I am Heathcliff.† This comment suggests that her allegiance with Heathcliff is unstoppable as he is a permanent part of her being, but her lust for a higher-class living and sense of security prevails. She chooses Linton. In my opinion, the primary focus of the novel, Catherine and Heathcliff's relationship captures, perhaps unintentionally, Bronte's use of symmetry and contrasts. Catherine, even before her visit to the Grange, is perceived as a warm woman. On the other hand, Heathcliff is a wild savage who attains a hardman reputation. The formation of their friendship and then blossoming romance, installs their partner's quality into them. Catherine livens up and becomes a little wilder while her elegance brings her companion's positive attributes to our attention. Due to his rejection, Heathcliff embarks on a 3-year exile from the moors. Catherine and Edgar marry a further three years down the line and live together in the Grange. Heathcliff decides to return from his absence at this point and proceeds to cause friction within the Grange. Catherine is deleterious upon the return of her true love's return. Coinciding with this, Edgar's sister Isabella becomes besotted with Heathcliff. The feeling is far from mutual, but Heathcliff, whose love is still reserved for Catherine, realises this is an ideal opportunity to spite Edgar. This fuels off arguments among Edgar, Catherine and Isabella. Heathcliff agrees to marry Isabella and her brother disowns her. Heathcliff has accomplished his sole purpose: To divide the Linton family. Volume 2 begins with the declining condition and inevitable death of Catherine. On the night of her death, she gives birth to Cathy Linton. Isabella and Heathcliff end their association. Heathcliff later discovers his wife has given birth to a son. A lengthy time-shift in the narration transpires. Edgar, after receiving note of Isabella's condition, orders for her child-Linton- to stay with him. Heathcliff has a devious plan: For his son, Linton and Cathy to marry which would ensure his entitlement of both Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights. Edgar learns of Heathcliff's intention and attempts to prevent his daughter from coming into contact with either Heathcliff or Linton. Rather like her mother, Cathy's desire to interact with Linton cannot be denied and she communicates with him privately – like Catherine did with Heathcliff in the early stages of the novel. Edgar then dies and Linton is handed ownership of Thrushcross as opposed to his descendant Cathy. Following Linton's death, Cathy is cruelly unable to seize ownership because she is now Heathcliff's daughter-in-law and he, not her, becomes landlord. As he dictates the Grange he decides to install a new tenant and orders her to live with him at Wuthering Heights. Like with previous inhabitants, Wuthering Heights only serves to change her into a miserable woman. Heathcliff, rather than inflict more suffering, seems now to be more concerned with being buried with Catherine than interfere with Cathy's affairs. He tells Nelly Dean that she's haunted him for years. Cathy then forms a friendship with Hareton, which like her mother lays the foundations for a relationship. Heathcliff finally dies through his burning desire to lie with Catherine. Catherine and Cathy travel very similar paths. They're strong-minded, lively and delectable women who have both engaged in two stern relationships. (Catherine with Edgar and Heathcliff, Cathy with Linton and Hareton.) Their respective happiness, it seems is heavily influenced by the mere presence of Thrushcross Grange. As well as this, Catherine begins her life at Wuthering Heights and Cathy ends the novel there, rather like the aforementioned narrative symmetry between Lockwood and Nelly Dean. One intriguing thing is that while Thrushcross Grange brought the best out of the pair personally, it's difficult to say if it was there that they were their happiest there. Cathy must be relieved that she has found love with Hareton at the Heights after her previous marriage to Linton. And Catherine even confirmed it was Heathcliff, who she mingled with during her time at Wuthering Heights, not Edgar that she loved. Heathcliff remains the same throughout. An uncaring person, that divides two generations. First of all Mr. Earnshaw's relationship with his son Hindley deteriorates as a result and then later causes friction between Cathy and Edgar. As mentioned above with regards to Catherine and her daughter, Heathcliff is involved in the two three-way relationships. Participating in the original affair and emerging the unlucky party in conjunction with Edgar and Catherine and instigating Cathy's two marriages with son Linton and Hareton. Despite this though, Catherine who he's rightfully buried with, exposes his sensitive side, even after her death and his marriage to Isabella. Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is a novel about passion and its many consequences. The story takes place at two completely different estates. One Wuthering Heights were the Earnshaws and Heathcliff reside. Wuthering Heights is a place of disorder. The people that live in the house have no limits to their passions and become violent. The other estate, Thrushcross Grange, is inhabited by the Linton family, people have established rules of social law and principles. In the novel, Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte, though appearance and people, represents the two houses as complete opposites, Wuthering Heights as turmoil and Thrushcross Grange as peace, to serve the theme of the novel that only together they give the symbol of subsistence. The different appearances and decor of the two houses, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange further the dissimilar aspects of the house as well as the people who reside in each house. Wuthering Heights,† the name of the house immediately suggest that life there in not free from commotion. The word â€Å"wuthering† perfectly describes the weather of the immediate area around the house. The climate is â€Å"descriptive of the atmospheric tumult† to which it is â€Å"exposed in stormy weather. † The house is extremely prone to stormy weather for it is situated on top a hill, alone and far away from any other human habitat. The proximity to the mysterious and furtiveness furthermore adds to the gloomy atmosphere of Wuthering Heights. It is a place of darkness and dismalness. The wind near Wuthering Heights is also so powerful and long lasting in an â€Å"excessive slant† and a range of gaunt thorn â€Å"all [stretch] their limbs one way. † The wind pushes these trees for such a long time that they have adapted to its presence and sway endlessly to prevent their trucks from cracking. Because of the strong everlasting weather, the house is built sturdily. It has narrow windows that have been â€Å"deeply set in the wall† and corners that are defended â€Å"with large jutting stones. Just as the weather seems to attach the house and underlying areas, the inhabitants seems to rant inside in a similar manner. And not only do these qualities accomplish that task of describing the murkiness that exists there, but the dicor is also very influential in creating the same mood of turmoil and disorder. The house is decorated with â€Å"sundry, villainous old guns† and a â€Å"couple of pistols. † The display of firearms greatly implies the violence present in this house. Furthermore, this wretched dwelling is rampant with dogs. There is a â€Å"swarm of squealing puppies† around a â€Å"liver-colored bitch pointer. † These dogs, like the human residents of Wuthering Heights, are easily agitated. When the visitor teases then a bit, they viciously attack and the resident do not attempt to sway the attack, but merely comment on its humor. This event emphasizes the violence present and total lack of concern for standards of society the people have. Thrushcross Grange is the other hand is free from the tempestuous weather and is lavishing. The Grange is a â€Å"beautiful† and â€Å"splendid place. Life at the Grange is kept within bounds just like the Grange exist as well-planned part within the boundary of its own walls. The house is â€Å"carpeted with crimson† rugs and has a â€Å"pure white ceiling bordered by gold. † This suggests that it is a place of refinement and elegance. Books fill its walls, implying that it is a place of intellect and order. The Grange is extravagant and classy, attributes lacking at Wuthering Heights. Both houses appearance and dicor reveals the events that occur inside the houses. The people who live in the houses and the actions in each house reveal the aspect that the two houses are complete opposites and only together can exist in harmony. The house the people stay in gives them a totally different identity. For example, at Wuthering Heights Catherine is unruly. At Wuthering Heights she is a â€Å"wild, wicked slip† always laughing when made to apologize for bad actions. She takes nothing seriously at Wuthering Heights and revels in the lack of code of conduct. The house even influences her violent nature. She hurts Ellen â€Å"extremely† by leaving a â€Å"purple witness,† and after lying about the inflicting this mark she slap Ellen â€Å"on the cheek. † She also seizes her nephew Hareton by his shoulders and shakes him until he is â€Å"waxed livid. † She is temporarily stopped and restrained by Edgar Linton who is visiting but soon she boxes his ears unleashing her wrath. She is so unrestrained that anything goes. No actions have moral limits at Wuthering Heights and for Catherine when she is there. In contrast, at Thrushcross Grange there exist certain limits and rules. When Catherine first visits the Grange, she is given very good treatment. Her behavior is immediately affected for she sits â€Å"on the sofa quietly† while getting her â€Å"feet washed† and getting fed wonderful food. Staying five weeks, she takes up â€Å"fine clothes† and flattery. No longer is she a hatless little savage. † She is a â€Å"dignified† and â€Å"a lady now† with â€Å"splendid garments. † Her attitude has totally changed. She experiences what it feels like to be a lady and seems to like it to a certain extend. Thrushcross Grange influences Catherine for the better but soon Wuthering Heights takes over again. The people who live in each house become different when living in other house. Wuthering Heights Catherine: I was overjoyed at Heathcliffs return. He surprised everyone and just ‘turned up' one night while we were eating. I wanted Edgar and Heathcliff to get along now that they were older and (I hoped) maturer so I made every effort to get them talking, unfortunately neither had much to say to each other. One of the things that most surprised me about Heathcliff was that his appearance had changed; he was well built, and stockier than when he had left. I was so very pleased to see Heathcliff that I couldn't sleep as I was so excited that one of my closest friends had returned. Edgar became very annoyed and I realised I had always had an affinity for Heathcliff that could not be compared in strength to anything. As I would not let Heathcliff go, Edgar and I grew further apart, and our arguments more frequent until one day I decided that I would feign illness to see if he still loved me. But instead of coming to sit by my side, he immersed himself in his books, as if trying to forget that I existed. It hurt me in a way that I cannot describe. I felt as if the world had no meaning anymore – my husband did not love me, and I was at a place where I needed love and support most. It was only the intervention of Nelly that stopped me losing myself in a fit of passion for the moors. I decided to show them that by ignoring my feelings, I would in turn hurt theirs; I would â€Å"break both their hearts by breaking my own†. Edgar: I was extremely surprised to see a ‘plough-boy' arrive on our doorstep, only to be treated like a brother by Catherine. I was unsure what the fuss was about and confused as to why Catherine was so excited about the return of this runaway servant. Catherine wanted me to get along with Heathcliff but I knew the man when I was younger and had long decided to part myself from him. He immediately disrupted the household and caused Catherine to have sleepless nights. I saw a side of her that I had not previously seen. See seemed to talk endlessly about the old times and how they got on together. See would never talk to me properly, and when I even hinted that I did not like the fellow she flew into a rage and we would end up arguing. Heathcliff did not help matters one bit. He lay around aimlessly, preferring to watch and stir trouble if he could. I was not entirely bother by him though as anything that made Catherine happy, made me happy, and I tried as best I could to get along with him. Unfortunately, little did I know that he would cause our family to be ruined. Isabella: As soon as I met Heathcliff, I though he had a rough charm about him that I adored. I did not really know about his past, and that I did know I took with a pinch of salt, as I knew many people did not understand him. I wanted to know him better for a long time but my mother would hardly let him out of her site, let alone let anyone else converse with her precious friend. Eventually we agreed to elope together and only then did I see the real side of Heathcliff that I had come to cherish. He was an evil man. As soon as I realised I was pregnant I knew my life on the moors had ended and ran away to a place where I could start afresh. Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte was the middle woman in the most celebrated nineteenth century literary family. Supplemented by sister Anne and more renowned sibling Charlotte, she had a love for the Yorkshire moors and human passion, which are both reflected in the only novel she compiled in her 29 years – Wuthering Heights. At the time of its release, 1847, this controversial text divided many critics, and still does to this day. Many, me included, do not appreciate its content or intended objectives. Others oppose this viewpoint, stating that it's a masterpiece years, in terms of its originality, beyond the date of its initial publication. One thing does impress me in this carefully woven novel. Just as Francis Ford Coppola did with tremendous success in the Godfather Part II in 1976, Bronte splits the story into two with the future generation mirroring their ancestors, whether it be the characteristics or mistakes they duplicate there is an apparent resemblance between the old and new guard. The conflicting narrators provide both humour and useful insight into the inhabitants of the moors. Lockwood, the voice-over at the beginning, has acquired the tenancy of Thrushcross Grange and decides to introduce himself to his new landlord, Heathcliff. Their meeting takes place at the nearby Wuthering Heights household. Lockwood establishes a long-winded narrative, which suggests he is a well-educated man, but seems to lack direction. This is understandable considering he is placed in unfamiliar surroundings. Nevertheless, his landlord Heathcliff is hostile and unfriendly to Mr. Lockwood, who rather naively believes that their next meeting will drastically improve. Lockwood's second visit seems to be heading in the same direction as his previous one, with Heathcliff's servant Joseph offering no help whatsoever. However, Lockwood's visit vastly improves due to the introduction of Hareton and Catherine. The above point, to a certain extent, condemns the admirers of the book and supports its critics. This is because the story development is regarded as coherent, whereas Lockwood's improved visit is unpredictable and surprising. Lockwood displays, as he did in his original assessment of Heathcliff, poor judgement, mistaking dead rabbits for cats and in attempting to piece together the family history. Heathcliff promptly corrects him. He is invited to stay where he unravels some of the family mystique and endures nightmares as a result. Lockwood, despite being accompanied by Heathcliff to the gate of Thrushcross Grange, loses himself and increases the journey considerably. Lockwood, desperate to know more, asks his new housekeeper, Nelly Dean to enlighten him of Heathcliff's history. It is here where Lockwood hands over the narrative role to Dean. Nelly maintains this capacity for the remainder of the novel, albeit for the concluding three chapters, where Lockwood returns and resumes his role as commentator (symmetry.) The housekeeper is the complete opposite to her employer in terms of style. She uses elementary vocabulary, which is inferior to Lockwood's, but is far more effective as it is direct, relevant and essential in giving accounts of characters and their respective histories. This allows the reader to identify with that particular person and the motives and emotions behind their actions. It's revealed that Mr.Earnshaw, father of Catherine and Hindley, has adopted Heathcliff. Immediately this causes dissension in the Earnshaw ranks and both of Earnshaw's biological children dislike their relation. However, Catherine comes to grow fond of Heathcliff and the pair forge a tight-knit bond. Hindley displays jealousy. Not only has his sister changed her perspective on this outsider but, it appears that he has been displaced as Mr.Earnshaw's preferred son. After the death of his father, Hindley succeeds his father as the main resident at Wuthering Heights with his wife Frances. Catherine and Heathcliff have now established an intimate relationship, which furthers Hindley's disregard for Heathcliff. He, out of spite, degrades him by making him do intensive, boring work and isolate him from his sister by ordering Heathcliff to live with servants. Catherine, as a result of watching the Lintons at Thrushcross Grange, is attacked by guard dogs and her ankle is severely injured and is forced to remain at the Grange momentarily while Heathcliff returns to the Heights. Catherine's tenure at Thrushcross Grange seems to have transformed her into a new person. After regaining full fitness, she returns a smart lady. The example of Catherine's class elevation in just over a month reflects the impact the environment appears to have on the inhabitants. At Thrushcross, the surroundings are beautiful and captivated with fresh air, which is shown in the Lintons. Meanwhile, at Wuthering Heights, the house, located in a particularly rough region, is fading quickly. This has obviously rubbed off on Heathcliff and Hindley, who are possessive and bitter. While Catherine's undoubted love for Heatcliff hasn't diminished in their separation, it, possibly inadvertently, contributes to the eventual termination of their relationship, as she has developed affection for Edgar Linton. Catherine is given an ultimatum: Heathcliff or Edgar. She famously tells Nelly Dean: â€Å"I am Heathcliff.† This comment suggests that her allegiance with Heathcliff is unstoppable as he is a permanent part of her being, but her lust for a higher-class living and sense of security prevails. She chooses Linton. In my opinion, the primary focus of the novel, Catherine and Heathcliff's relationship captures, perhaps unintentionally, Bronte's use of symmetry and contrasts. Catherine, even before her visit to the Grange, is perceived as a warm woman. On the other hand, Heathcliff is a wild savage who attains a hardman reputation. The formation of their friendship and then blossoming romance, installs their partner's quality into them. Catherine livens up and becomes a little wilder while her elegance brings her companion's positive attributes to our attention. Due to his rejection, Heathcliff embarks on a 3-year exile from the moors. Catherine and Edgar marry a further three years down the line and live together in the Grange. Heathcliff decides to return from his absence at this point and proceeds to cause friction within the Grange. Catherine is deleterious upon the return of her true love's return. Coinciding with this, Edgar's sister Isabella becomes besotted with Heathcliff. The feeling is far from mutual, but Heathcliff, whose love is still reserved for Catherine, realises this is an ideal opportunity to spite Edgar. This fuels off arguments among Edgar, Catherine and Isabella. Heathcliff agrees to marry Isabella and her brother disowns her. Heathcliff has accomplished his sole purpose: To divide the Linton family. Volume 2 begins with the declining condition and inevitable death of Catherine. On the night of her death, she gives birth to Cathy Linton. Isabella and Heathcliff end their association. Heathcliff later discovers his wife has given birth to a son. A lengthy time-shift in the narration transpires. Edgar, after receiving note of Isabella's condition, orders for her child-Linton- to stay with him. Heathcliff has a devious plan: For his son, Linton and Cathy to marry which would ensure his entitlement of both Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights. Edgar learns of Heathcliff's intention and attempts to prevent his daughter from coming into contact with either Heathcliff or Linton. Rather like her mother, Cathy's desire to interact with Linton cannot be denied and she communicates with him privately – like Catherine did with Heathcliff in the early stages of the novel. Edgar then dies and Linton is handed ownership of Thrushcross as opposed to his descendant Cathy. Following Linton's death, Cathy is cruelly unable to seize ownership because she is now Heathcliff's daughter-in-law and he, not her, becomes landlord. As he dictates the Grange he decides to install a new tenant and orders her to live with him at Wuthering Heights. Like with previous inhabitants, Wuthering Heights only serves to change her into a miserable woman. Heathcliff, rather than inflict more suffering, seems now to be more concerned with being buried with Catherine than interfere with Cathy's affairs. He tells Nelly Dean that she's haunted him for years. Cathy then forms a friendship with Hareton, which like her mother lays the foundations for a relationship. Heathcliff finally dies through his burning desire to lie with Catherine. Catherine and Cathy travel very similar paths. They're strong-minded, lively and delectable women who have both engaged in two stern relationships. (Catherine with Edgar and Heathcliff, Cathy with Linton and Hareton.) Their respective happiness, it seems is heavily influenced by the mere presence of Thrushcross Grange. As well as this, Catherine begins her life at Wuthering Heights and Cathy ends the novel there, rather like the aforementioned narrative symmetry between Lockwood and Nelly Dean. One intriguing thing is that while Thrushcross Grange brought the best out of the pair personally, it's difficult to say if it was there that they were their happiest there. Cathy must be relieved that she has found love with Hareton at the Heights after her previous marriage to Linton. And Catherine even confirmed it was Heathcliff, who she mingled with during her time at Wuthering Heights, not Edgar that she loved. Heathcliff remains the same throughout. An uncaring person, that divides two generations. First of all Mr. Earnshaw's relationship with his son Hindley deteriorates as a result and then later causes friction between Cathy and Edgar. As mentioned above with regards to Catherine and her daughter, Heathcliff is involved in the two three-way relationships. Participating in the original affair and emerging the unlucky party in conjunction with Edgar and Catherine and instigating Cathy's two marriages with son Linton and Hareton. Despite this though, Catherine who he's rightfully buried with, exposes his sensitive side, even after her death and his marriage to Isabella. Wuthering Heights Have you ever known what it felt like to truly love someone? There is lust, infatuation, puppy-love but have you ever known true love? In â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Catherine and Heathcliff think they have found true love, but other may conclude they just have a crude mix of affection, lust, infatuation and need. Cathy shows very well that she does not truly love Heathcliff. Love is when two people would do anything to be together no matter what size, color, social status or imperfection. I've no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn't have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him† (pg. 73) Catherine says she would not even think of marrying Edgar if Hindley had not degraded Heathcliff, making him a common servant. If Cathy really loves Heathcliff none of this should matter. In the end Catherine is deciding to marry Edgar, this completely tears Heathcliff apart to the point where he runs away from Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is being put through miserable heartbreak and when he finally returns to Wuthering Heights he takes a liking to Isabella, Edgar’s sister. This is Heathcliff’s way of bothering Cathy, not for revenge but just to get a rise out of her. If you really love someone, although you will get jealous, you want them to be happy even if it does not include being with you. ‘That's not the plan. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they don't turn against him; they crush those beneath them. You are welcome to torture me to death for your amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style, and refrain from insult as much as you are able. Having levelled my palace, don't erect a hovel and complacently admire your own charity in giving me that for a home. If I imagined you really wished me to marry Isabel, I'd cut my throat! ‘† Heathcliff admits that he knows that Catherine does not want him to marry Isabella, which is partly the reason he is marrying her. Heathcliff is trying to make Catherine jealous and it works quite well. Heathcliff does not truly love Cathy, he wants her to be miserable and envy Isabella like he envies Edgar. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love was a very selfish one, its almost like they used each other. They had no one else to be with, so they latched onto each other. â€Å"Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed you–haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe–I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me always–take any form–drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! (pg. 176) Heathcliff will not let Catherine rest or move on because he selfishly needs her to suffer with him. Heathcliff will then blame Cathy and say she has broken her own heart.â€Å"You teach me how cruel you've been – cruel and false. Why do you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, and cry, and wring out my kisses and tears; they'll blight you – they'll damn you. You loved me–then what right had you to leave me? What right–answer me–for the poor fancy you felt for Linton? Because misery, and degradation and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, you, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heart–you have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine† ( pg. 170) Heathcliff takes no responsibility for faults or mistakes he may have made, instead he chooses to blame them all on Cathy. It seems very few people know what true love is, and for those who have found it have found the most precious and wanted thing in the world. Catherine and Heathcliff think that they have true love but in reality they do not. Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is a novel about passion and its many consequences. The story takes place at two completely different estates. One Wuthering Heights were the Earnshaws and Heathcliff reside. Wuthering Heights is a place of disorder. The people that live in the house have no limits to their passions and become violent. The other estate, Thrushcross Grange, is inhabited by the Linton family, people have established rules of social law and principles. In the novel, Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte, though appearance and people, represents the two houses as complete opposites, Wuthering Heights as turmoil and Thrushcross Grange as peace, to serve the theme of the novel that only together they give the symbol of subsistence. The different appearances and decor of the two houses, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange further the dissimilar aspects of the house as well as the people who reside in each house. Wuthering Heights,† the name of the house immediately suggest that life there in not free from commotion. The word â€Å"wuthering† perfectly describes the weather of the immediate area around the house. The climate is â€Å"descriptive of the atmospheric tumult† to which it is â€Å"exposed in stormy weather. † The house is extremely prone to stormy weather for it is situated on top a hill, alone and far away from any other human habitat. The proximity to the mysterious and furtiveness furthermore adds to the gloomy atmosphere of Wuthering Heights. It is a place of darkness and dismalness. The wind near Wuthering Heights is also so powerful and long lasting in an â€Å"excessive slant† and a range of gaunt thorn â€Å"all [stretch] their limbs one way. † The wind pushes these trees for such a long time that they have adapted to its presence and sway endlessly to prevent their trucks from cracking. Because of the strong everlasting weather, the house is built sturdily. It has narrow windows that have been â€Å"deeply set in the wall† and corners that are defended â€Å"with large jutting stones. Just as the weather seems to attach the house and underlying areas, the inhabitants seems to rant inside in a similar manner. And not only do these qualities accomplish that task of describing the murkiness that exists there, but the dicor is also very influential in creating the same mood of turmoil and disorder. The house is decorated with â€Å"sundry, villainous old guns† and a â€Å"couple of pistols. † The display of firearms greatly implies the violence present in this house. Furthermore, this wretched dwelling is rampant with dogs. There is a â€Å"swarm of squealing puppies† around a â€Å"liver-colored bitch pointer. † These dogs, like the human residents of Wuthering Heights, are easily agitated. When the visitor teases then a bit, they viciously attack and the resident do not attempt to sway the attack, but merely comment on its humor. This event emphasizes the violence present and total lack of concern for standards of society the people have. Thrushcross Grange is the other hand is free from the tempestuous weather and is lavishing. The Grange is a â€Å"beautiful† and â€Å"splendid place. Life at the Grange is kept within bounds just like the Grange exist as well-planned part within the boundary of its own walls. The house is â€Å"carpeted with crimson† rugs and has a â€Å"pure white ceiling bordered by gold. † This suggests that it is a place of refinement and elegance. Books fill its walls, implying that it is a place of intellect and order. The Grange is extravagant and classy, attributes lacking at Wuthering Heights. Both houses appearance and dicor reveals the events that occur inside the houses. The people who live in the houses and the actions in each house reveal the aspect that the two houses are complete opposites and only together can exist in harmony. The house the people stay in gives them a totally different identity. For example, at Wuthering Heights Catherine is unruly. At Wuthering Heights she is a â€Å"wild, wicked slip† always laughing when made to apologize for bad actions. She takes nothing seriously at Wuthering Heights and revels in the lack of code of conduct. The house even influences her violent nature. She hurts Ellen â€Å"extremely† by leaving a â€Å"purple witness,† and after lying about the inflicting this mark she slap Ellen â€Å"on the cheek. † She also seizes her nephew Hareton by his shoulders and shakes him until he is â€Å"waxed livid. † She is temporarily stopped and restrained by Edgar Linton who is visiting but soon she boxes his ears unleashing her wrath. She is so unrestrained that anything goes. No actions have moral limits at Wuthering Heights and for Catherine when she is there. In contrast, at Thrushcross Grange there exist certain limits and rules. When Catherine first visits the Grange, she is given very good treatment. Her behavior is immediately affected for she sits â€Å"on the sofa quietly† while getting her â€Å"feet washed† and getting fed wonderful food. Staying five weeks, she takes up â€Å"fine clothes† and flattery. No longer is she a hatless little savage. † She is a â€Å"dignified† and â€Å"a lady now† with â€Å"splendid garments. † Her attitude has totally changed. She experiences what it feels like to be a lady and seems to like it to a certain extend. Thrushcross Grange influences Catherine for the better but soon Wuthering Heights takes over again. The people who live in each house become different when living in other house. Wuthering Heights Catherine: I was overjoyed at Heathcliffs return. He surprised everyone and just ‘turned up' one night while we were eating. I wanted Edgar and Heathcliff to get along now that they were older and (I hoped) maturer so I made every effort to get them talking, unfortunately neither had much to say to each other. One of the things that most surprised me about Heathcliff was that his appearance had changed; he was well built, and stockier than when he had left. I was so very pleased to see Heathcliff that I couldn't sleep as I was so excited that one of my closest friends had returned. Edgar became very annoyed and I realised I had always had an affinity for Heathcliff that could not be compared in strength to anything. As I would not let Heathcliff go, Edgar and I grew further apart, and our arguments more frequent until one day I decided that I would feign illness to see if he still loved me. But instead of coming to sit by my side, he immersed himself in his books, as if trying to forget that I existed. It hurt me in a way that I cannot describe. I felt as if the world had no meaning anymore – my husband did not love me, and I was at a place where I needed love and support most. It was only the intervention of Nelly that stopped me losing myself in a fit of passion for the moors. I decided to show them that by ignoring my feelings, I would in turn hurt theirs; I would â€Å"break both their hearts by breaking my own†. Edgar: I was extremely surprised to see a ‘plough-boy' arrive on our doorstep, only to be treated like a brother by Catherine. I was unsure what the fuss was about and confused as to why Catherine was so excited about the return of this runaway servant. Catherine wanted me to get along with Heathcliff but I knew the man when I was younger and had long decided to part myself from him. He immediately disrupted the household and caused Catherine to have sleepless nights. I saw a side of her that I had not previously seen. See seemed to talk endlessly about the old times and how they got on together. See would never talk to me properly, and when I even hinted that I did not like the fellow she flew into a rage and we would end up arguing. Heathcliff did not help matters one bit. He lay around aimlessly, preferring to watch and stir trouble if he could. I was not entirely bother by him though as anything that made Catherine happy, made me happy, and I tried as best I could to get along with him. Unfortunately, little did I know that he would cause our family to be ruined. Isabella: As soon as I met Heathcliff, I though he had a rough charm about him that I adored. I did not really know about his past, and that I did know I took with a pinch of salt, as I knew many people did not understand him. I wanted to know him better for a long time but my mother would hardly let him out of her site, let alone let anyone else converse with her precious friend. Eventually we agreed to elope together and only then did I see the real side of Heathcliff that I had come to cherish. He was an evil man. As soon as I realised I was pregnant I knew my life on the moors had ended and ran away to a place where I could start afresh. Wuthering Heights Have you ever known what it felt like to truly love someone? There is lust, infatuation, puppy-love but have you ever known true love? In â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Catherine and Heathcliff think they have found true love, but other may conclude they just have a crude mix of affection, lust, infatuation and need. Cathy shows very well that she does not truly love Heathcliff. Love is when two people would do anything to be together no matter what size, color, social status or imperfection. I've no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn't have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him† (pg. 73) Catherine says she would not even think of marrying Edgar if Hindley had not degraded Heathcliff, making him a common servant. If Cathy really loves Heathcliff none of this should matter. In the end Catherine is deciding to marry Edgar, this completely tears Heathcliff apart to the point where he runs away from Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is being put through miserable heartbreak and when he finally returns to Wuthering Heights he takes a liking to Isabella, Edgar’s sister. This is Heathcliff’s way of bothering Cathy, not for revenge but just to get a rise out of her. If you really love someone, although you will get jealous, you want them to be happy even if it does not include being with you. ‘That's not the plan. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they don't turn against him; they crush those beneath them. You are welcome to torture me to death for your amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style, and refrain from insult as much as you are able. Having levelled my palace, don't erect a hovel and complacently admire your own charity in giving me that for a home. If I imagined you really wished me to marry Isabel, I'd cut my throat! ‘† Heathcliff admits that he knows that Catherine does not want him to marry Isabella, which is partly the reason he is marrying her. Heathcliff is trying to make Catherine jealous and it works quite well. Heathcliff does not truly love Cathy, he wants her to be miserable and envy Isabella like he envies Edgar. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love was a very selfish one, its almost like they used each other. They had no one else to be with, so they latched onto each other. â€Å"Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed you–haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe–I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me always–take any form–drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! (pg. 176) Heathcliff will not let Catherine rest or move on because he selfishly needs her to suffer with him. Heathcliff will then blame Cathy and say she has broken her own heart.â€Å"You teach me how cruel you've been – cruel and false. Why do you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, and cry, and wring out my kisses and tears; they'll blight you – they'll damn you. You loved me–then what right had you to leave me? What right–answer me–for the poor fancy you felt for Linton? Because misery, and degradation and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, you, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heart–you have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine† ( pg. 170) Heathcliff takes no responsibility for faults or mistakes he may have made, instead he chooses to blame them all on Cathy. It seems very few people know what true love is, and for those who have found it have found the most precious and wanted thing in the world. Catherine and Heathcliff think that they have true love but in reality they do not. Wuthering Heights Have you ever known what it felt like to truly love someone? There is lust, infatuation, puppy-love but have you ever known true love? In â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Catherine and Heathcliff think they have found true love, but other may conclude they just have a crude mix of affection, lust, infatuation and need. Cathy shows very well that she does not truly love Heathcliff. Love is when two people would do anything to be together no matter what size, color, social status or imperfection. I've no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn't have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him† (pg. 73) Catherine says she would not even think of marrying Edgar if Hindley had not degraded Heathcliff, making him a common servant. If Cathy really loves Heathcliff none of this should matter. In the end Catherine is deciding to marry Edgar, this completely tears Heathcliff apart to the point where he runs away from Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is being put through miserable heartbreak and when he finally returns to Wuthering Heights he takes a liking to Isabella, Edgar’s sister. This is Heathcliff’s way of bothering Cathy, not for revenge but just to get a rise out of her. If you really love someone, although you will get jealous, you want them to be happy even if it does not include being with you. ‘That's not the plan. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they don't turn against him; they crush those beneath them. You are welcome to torture me to death for your amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style, and refrain from insult as much as you are able. Having levelled my palace, don't erect a hovel and complacently admire your own charity in giving me that for a home. If I imagined you really wished me to marry Isabel, I'd cut my throat! ‘† Heathcliff admits that he knows that Catherine does not want him to marry Isabella, which is partly the reason he is marrying her. Heathcliff is trying to make Catherine jealous and it works quite well. Heathcliff does not truly love Cathy, he wants her to be miserable and envy Isabella like he envies Edgar. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love was a very selfish one, its almost like they used each other. They had no one else to be with, so they latched onto each other. â€Å"Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed you–haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe–I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me always–take any form–drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! (pg. 176) Heathcliff will not let Catherine rest or move on because he selfishly needs her to suffer with him. Heathcliff will then blame Cathy and say she has broken her own heart.â€Å"You teach me how cruel you've been – cruel and false. Why do you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, and cry, and wring out my kisses and tears; they'll blight you – they'll damn you. You loved me–then what right had you to leave me? What right–answer me–for the poor fancy you felt for Linton? Because misery, and degradation and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, you, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heart–you have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine† ( pg. 170) Heathcliff takes no responsibility for faults or mistakes he may have made, instead he chooses to blame them all on Cathy. It seems very few people know what true love is, and for those who have found it have found the most precious and wanted thing in the world. Catherine and Heathcliff think that they have true love but in reality they do not.

Segmentation of Mercedes Benz

Case 2 Nuclear Energy: Making a Comeback? In the 2010 State of the Union address, the president called for more clean-energy jobs, with expansion of nuclear power as an alternative energy source. He declared, â€Å"To create more of these clean energy jobs, we need more production, more efficiency, more incentives. And that means building a new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants in this country. † Other countries, such as Great Britain, are already planning to build new nuclear plants.Although none have been built in the United States for many years, the 104 currently operating plants generate almost 20 percent of America’s electricity. Wind and solar energy together generate less than 5 percent. An alloy of enriched uranium powers nuclear reactors. How large is the world’s supply of uranium? How long will it last? Uranium, a metal, is relatively common and can be found in rocks and even seawater as well as in ore deposits in the earth. With 24 percen t, Australia has the largest supply overall, but Kazakhstan recently declared that it had surpassed Australia’s output.Canada has less than 10 percent of the world’s supply, but has the highest concentration of top-quality ore. Worldwide, about 67,00 tons of uranium are used each year. At current demand, that supply is expected to last about 70 years. The World Nuclear Association (WNA) predicts that nuclear reactor capacity will increase by about 27 percent in the next decade and that the demand for uranium will grow by 33 percent in response. There is some debate about when the demand for uranium will be greater than the supply that can be mined economically.Antinuclear activists point out that mineral resources are nonrenewable. Just as the world will eventually run out of oil and coal, it will also run out of uranium. Some analysts believe that this will happen sooner rather than later. Environmentalists object to destructive mining techniques. In Australia, activi sts are concerned with the land rights of indigenous Australians. Another potential roadblock is that uranium mining in general is impeded by a lack of infrastructure and a shortage of experienced workers, factors that drive up processing costs.And, a still-unsolved and crucial problem is how to manage safe, long-term storage of spent nuclear rods, which continue to emit radioactivity. The World Nuclear Association disagrees with these assessments. First, not all uranium deposits have been discovered. Since 1975, the number of known deposits has tripled. Advances in geological research and more exploration will detect many more. As mining techniques improve, known deposits that are currently unreachable will become economically accessible.The WNA predicts that at current rates of usage, known supplies will last 200 years rather than 70 or 80. Second, ore deposits are not the only sources of uranium. It is also found in nuclear weapons, available because of various disarmament treati es. The end of the Cold War in the late 1980s also meant the end of the nuclear arms race. Nuclear warheads contain high-quality enriched uranium. Utility companies and governments also have stockpiles of the metal. Third, research is ongoing to make enrichment facilities and reactors more energy efficient.Fourth, unlike oil or coal, uranium can be recycled from spent nuclear fuel rods and from tailings (uranium left over from the enrichment process). These techniques should also improve over time. Other sources, such as phosphates and seawater, could become economically viable in the future. Questions for Critical Thinking 1. What factors do you think will affect the supply and demand curve for nuclear energy? 2. Describe what type of competition you predict will arise in the nuclear energy industry.