The Effects of Child Abuse on a Child´s Education Essay -- abuse, cons

Child abuse has become a chronic and common resign in the country today. In the United States of America, an estimated three million children atomic number 18 victims of abuse every year. Whether the abuse is physical, emotional, sexual, or neglect, the scars stub be deep and can have a negative effect on a childs pedagogy. According to academic research preformed at Brown University in April 1996, it was historied that abused children have a harder time maintaining good grades in school due to their stressful home lives, which leads to a lack of focus in the classroom. These payoffs are severely hurting the education of m whatsoever children which damages their witting development. Unstable households are the number one cause of children not performing at the take aim of proficiency in the classroom. (Family Mobility Helps) There are four disparate types of abuse, exactly the effects are similar, which is physical, or emotional harm placed upon the child. There are certai n types of abuse that are often harder to identify. Neglect is the about common form of child abuse. Family members and caregivers are the abusers in most cases. Research has shown there are three major reasons why abuses children suffer academically. The reasons are withdrawal, sad communication/social skills, and behavioral problems. Child abuse does not only hurt a childs education, but can lead to deaths. therefrom prevention is the key to the success of a childs future. (Rynders) Failure to provide a child with basic necessary ask is known as neglect. Neglect has become the most common form of child abuse, and its effects have been recognize as the most detrimental to a childs development. According to Zorika Petic Hendersons article Maltreated Children Fail in School, Childr... ...hol. With the chronic issue of child abuse noneffervescent affecting childrens education today. It is a key importance that people must not give up on children who are victims of child abuse, but make it their personal determination to help them prosper. School is not salutary a place where children go in the morning, but a social learning environment that provides students with a long tool of knowledge. As children grow older and into different developmental stages the demand for love, support, leadership, and positive type models are crucial. Abused children are missing these essential needs this is why the famous saying It takes a community to raise a child still holds true today. The education of abuse children is not a scattered cause and with proper treatment and teaching they will grow up to be just as successful if not more successful than any other non- maltreated child. The Effects of Child Abuse on a Childs Education Essay -- abuse, consChild abuse has become a chronic and common issue in the country today. In the United States of America, an estimated three million children are victims of abuse every year. Whether the abuse is physical, e motional, sexual, or neglect, the scars can be deep and can have a negative effect on a childs education. According to academic research preformed at Brown University in April 1996, it was noted that abused children have a harder time maintaining good grades in school due to their stressful home lives, which leads to a lack of focus in the classroom. These issues are severely hurting the education of many children which damages their conscious development. Unstable households are the number one cause of children not performing at the level of proficiency in the classroom. (Family Mobility Helps) There are four different types of abuse, but the effects are similar, which is physical, or emotional harm placed upon the child. There are certain types of abuse that are often harder to identify. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse. Family members and caregivers are the abusers in most cases. Research has shown there are three major reasons why abuses children suffer academicall y. The reasons are withdrawal, poor communication/social skills, and behavioral problems. Child abuse does not only hurt a childs education, but can lead to deaths. Therefore prevention is the key to the success of a childs future. (Rynders) Failure to provide a child with basic necessary needs is known as neglect. Neglect has become the most common form of child abuse, and its effects have been recognized as the most detrimental to a childs development. According to Zorika Petic Hendersons article Maltreated Children Fail in School, Childr... ...hol. With the chronic issue of child abuse still affecting childrens education today. It is a key importance that people must not give up on children who are victims of child abuse, but make it their personal goal to help them prosper. School is not just a place where children go in the morning, but a social learning environment that provides students with a lifelong tool of knowledge. As children grow older and into different developmenta l stages the demand for love, support, leadership, and positive role models are crucial. Abused children are missing these essential needs this is why the famous saying It takes a community to raise a child still holds true today. The education of abuse children is not a lost cause and with proper treatment and teaching they will grow up to be just as successful if not more successful than any other non- maltreated child.

Essay --

Euthanasia is a well- discussed topic that includes multiple perspectives on the ethics of it. This is an key issue for any society to reconcile because it is a life and death issue. Euthanasia is a highly personal decision that can be make for many reasons. The moral and ethical concerns over euthanasia dont take into account the dignity of the one dying. Who decides the quality of a humans life? We did not have the lay on the line to choose if we wanted to come here, so should we be entitled to the honor of choosing to leave? Over the years, the laws and ethical concerns regarding the controversial topic of euthanasia have been questioned repeatedly by society. Many have found it difficult to see their way through the many existing resources without feeling some hopelessness that the conflicting ideas on mercy-killing might one day be resolved.Euthanasia is defined as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful unhealthiness or in an irreversible co ma. It is also c all tolded Physician- Assisted Suicide or, PAS for short. The term comes from the Greek expression for good death. Now, this short definition is a cause of debates all over the world. Doctors, politicians, religious leaders, lawyers, and oecumenical public argue over the law that would free or forbid euthanasia. There are only two countries, which allow Physician Assisted Suicide these are Netherlands and Belgium, and the state of Oregon in the United States.The issue of euthanasia has been an important turn in history for its differing points of tantrum on the ethics. The first usage of the term euthanasia was from the historian Suetonius who described how the Emperor Augustus was, dying quickly and without suffering in the arms of his wife, L... ...eligion does not deal that a human being has a right to decide whether to die or not.As previously stated, as it was already mentioned is too subjective, and in general cannot be compared with the humans suffering s, humans unbearable pain and freedom to choose whether to continue living or not, and euthanasia should be check legalized in order to gain control over that process.I therefore conclude that no one can claim to truly know whether, or in what circumstances, euthanasia is moral or not. With the differing perspectives and opinions about Physician Assisted Suicide it is possible to try to answer this question by discussing the moral issues, only also it is not easy to say whether euthanasia is ever morally supportable. Of course, euthanasia should be differentiated from simple removal of life support from a patient who has already effectively succumbed.

Insight into Human Nature in Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Insight into Human Nature in Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, (written c. 1387), is a richly varied compilation of fictional stories as told by a group of twenty-nine persons involved in a ghostlike transit to Canterbury, England during the fourteenth century. This journey is to take those travelers who relish religious catharsis to the shrine of the holy martyr St. Thomas a Becket of Canterbury. The device of a springtime pilgrimage provided Chaucer with a diverse range of characters and experiences, with him organism both a narrator and an observer. Written in Middle incline, each tale depicts parables from each traveler. England, in Chaucers time, was a nation of brotherly and economic growth. Medievalism was a dominant influence in the lives of Englishmen, but the Renaissance had assumed definite form, and the country stood on the threshold of the modern world. Medieval Europeans asserted that the ideals of spiritual community, soc ial groups and national interests were greater than individualism. In Chaucers time, there were many manifestations of rebellion against the old order of things, including an influx of mysticism and materialism. People demanded more voice in the personal matters of their government and viewed the Catholic Church as corrupt. An emerging religious reformation, which placed emphasis on individualism and national patriotism, along with the upsurge of manufacturing and commerce, gave rise to the English middle class. The Canterbury Tales is a literary work that deals with the personal concerns and solutions of an evolving Medieval society. In Medieval Europe pilgrimages were common for personal reflection, penance, and spiritual renewal. Chaucer chose the framework of a pilgrimage for its naturally plausible diversity of people and mix of pious purpose and holiday spirit. Geoffrey Chaucer, Englands first great poet, was born in 1343, during a time of social, political, religious and lit erary ferment. Chaucer, who was the descendent of a prosperous family from Ipswich, received the impetus for writing from fourteenth-century Italian and French poets. Chaucer--whose father was a successful wine dealer in London and whose mother, Agnes de Compton, a member of the English court--was reared in an intellectual environment of high society. He was well educated, having studied at the Universities of the Court. He lived among nobility in his service to the Court. The project of writing The Canterbury Tales took Chaucer thirteen years of unremitting toil, a work that was both continually evolving and unfinished.

America and Haiti Essay example -- American History

America and HaitiThe unite States interest in Haiti, as mentioned above, began a huge increase in the archetypical decade of the twentieth century. The extent of U. S. economic penetration was not as great as that of France and Germany, but by 1910 it controlled sixty percent of Haitis result industry. Unfortunately, the Haitian jargoning system did not follow this path and was, at this time, perilously close to domination by European interests. (Langley, 1982, 70) In an effort to gain much control over Haitian economic affairs, the United States engaged in a battle with France and Germany over the Banque Nationale. Two banks from the U. S. attempted to obtain control of the bank but lost out to a German bank, which proceeded to ally itself with the Banques French managers in an effort to acquire domination. But the United States protested the exclusion of American banks so forcefully that the French and Germans folded and agreed to let the two American banks have a fifty percen t share in the Banque Nationale. With a foot in the door, the Americans essentially took control of the Banques management. In doing so they gained much influence over the Haitian government executives, who relied on the Banque to cover monthly expenses. This would picture to be a huge asset in terms of fulfilling American interests in Haiti in the future.The administration under William Taft that was in power in the United States at this time saw Haiti experience almost continuous insurrection and political disorders. American warships were constantly present in the region, and by 1911 there were never less than five patrolling the Haitian waters at any given time. Things became so unstable in August that the Naval Command in Haiti was allow the power to ... ...ars An Inner History of the American Empire, 1900-1934 The University Press of Kentucky (Lexington, 1983).Langley, Lester D. The United States and the Caribbean in the Twentieth Century The University of Georgia Press (A thens, 1982).Shannon, Magdaline W. Jean Price-Mars, the Haitian Elite and the American Occupation, 1915-1935 St. Martins Press, Inc. (New York, NY, 1996). http//www.arlingtoncemetery.com/awcatlin.htmMarine officer who participated in almost all the major US military interventions in the Caribbean, from the Spanish-American War to the occupation of Haitihttp//www-cgsc.army.mil/csi/pubs/intrvene.htmGreat bibliography for sources detailing U.S. inteventionism in the early twentieth century.http//aristotle.schreiner.edu/worldpac/eng/r000010/r009697.htmBook detailing U.S. intervention in Haiti.http//www.medalia.net/Hhistory.html

Evolving of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay

Evolving of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and PrejudiceIn Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen creates a unique environment which allows her characters to evolve and to transform. One of the characters, Elizabeth Bennet, the bit daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, faces challenges that impact her decisive deportment. Likewise, Fitzwilliam Darcy, Elizabeths love interest, confronts many obstacles which come against his character as well. Through several key experiences, twain Elizabeth and Darcy undergo interior(a) transformations Elizabeths quick judgments become humbleness while Darcys arrogance is replaced with humility. Early in the novel, Elizabeth is quick to judge and criticize others. Elizabeth rapidly judges Wickham, a military man of Darcys acquaintance, as an upstanding gentleman. Mingling falsehoods with truth, Wickham misleads Elizabeth to believe not only lies about Darcy but in addition disadvantages he himself suffered (76). Perceiving his words as truth b y the sole authority of his countenance (178), Elizabeths quick judgment allows her to unwisely trust in Wickhams amiable character (77). Elizabeth also does not hesitate to criticize Darcy for his rude and proud demeanor. After Elizabeth hears Darcy speaking of her tolerable features to Bingley (15), Darcys good friend and owner of an estate located in the same shire as that of the Bennets, Elizabeth passes judgment on Darcy by gossiping with great spirit among her friends, recounting the story of his description of her beauty (15-16). Criticizing Darcy further, Elizabeth expresses how his arrogant demeanor offends her, proclaiming I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine. (24) Elizabeth is also quick to judge Bin... ...rous to please. (224). Additionally, Darcys humility allows him to help Wickham and Lydia, Elizabeths youngest sister who elopes with Wickham. to begin with his transformation, even the pronunciation of the name Wickham and the sillines s of Lydia would have kept Darcy as far as possible from either (172, 175). Because of his newfound humility, however, Darcy takes upon himself all the trouble and gangrene of locating Wickham and Lydia and bribing the former into marrying the latter (277). Changing from their former selves to embrace new identities, Darcy and Elizabeth learn to look past arrogance and criticalness to gentler ways of approaching both people and circumstances. They transform. And although Elizabeths shortcomings reside in her mind and Darcys in his money, both lose sight of their prideful and prejudiced natures to embrace humility.

Evolving of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay

Evolving of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and PrejudiceIn Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen creates a unique environment which allows her characters to evolve and to transform. One of the characters, Elizabeth Bennet, the second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, faces challenges that impact her decisive demeanor. Likewise, Fitzwilliam Darcy, Elizabeths love interest, confronts many obstacles which come against his character as well. Through several key fruit experiences, both Elizabeth and Darcy undergo internal transformations Elizabeths quick judgments become humbleness while Darcys arrogance is replaced with humility. Early in the novel, Elizabeth is quick to judge and pick apart others. Elizabeth rapidly judges Wickham, a military man of Darcys acquaintance, as an upstanding gentleman. Mingling falsehoods with truth, Wickham misleads Elizabeth to believe not only lies about Darcy but in any case disadvantages he himself suffered (76). Perceiving his words as trut h by the sole authority of his countenance (178), Elizabeths quick judgment allows her to unwisely trust in Wickhams amiable character (77). Elizabeth also does not hesitate to criticize Darcy for his rude and proud demeanor. After Elizabeth hears Darcy speaking of her tolerable features to Bingley (15), Darcys good friend and owner of an estate located in the same shire as that of the Bennets, Elizabeth passes judgment on Darcy by gossiping with great spirit among her friends, recounting the story of his interpretation of her beauty (15-16). Criticizing Darcy further, Elizabeth expresses how his arrogant demeanor offends her, proclaiming I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine. (24) Elizabeth is also quick to judge Bin... ...rous to please. (224). Additionally, Darcys humility allows him to military service Wickham and Lydia, Elizabeths youngest sister who elopes with Wickham. Before his transformation, even the pronunciation of the name Wickham and the silliness of Lydia would have kept Darcy as far as possible from either (172, 175). Because of his newfound humility, however, Darcy takes upon himself all the trouble and mortification of locating Wickham and Lydia and bribing the former into marrying the latter (277). Changing from their former selves to embrace new identities, Darcy and Elizabeth learn to look past arrogance and cruciality to gentler ways of approaching both people and circumstances. They transform. And although Elizabeths shortcomings reside in her mind and Darcys in his money, both lose sight of their prideful and discriminative natures to embrace humility.

Leonardo vs Andy Warhol’s Mona Lisa

Explain how each artists path and subject matter link up to the themes/ideas being explored In the painting, Mona Lisa, by da Vinci, the theme of the harmony between humanity and nature is established through his depiction of Mona Lisa and the use of his captivating style. Mona Lisa is drawn in a three quarter pose she is the focal point and the harmony between humanity and the landscape is achieved through the composition of Mona Lisa she is placed in fore ground, sterilize against the Landscape in the background.The connecting assemblages of the curves of her hair, the linear f the luxurious fabric and the placement of her hands are reflected in the swells and rises of the vast, receding and diminishing landscape which to a fault creates a mavin of depth. The parallel between humanity and nature has been established in such a gracefully fluid way within the pyramid design that captivates and draws the viewers eye around aesthetics of the painting in a cycle, resembling the un ison between the two. The subject matter and style of the Mona Lisa withal links to an idea of creating an air travel and to evoke responses.For example, the artwork seems to manifest an atmosphere of calmness due to the spouts technique that makes the painting slightly blurred and softens her features her air appears blended, almost to the point of being hazy, and in doing so, her beautiful smile and gaze is left open for interpretation. Her dignified figure is relaxed and comfortable, and Lemonades painting technique renders her anatomy unbelievably, luminously natural and, along with her dynamic expression, she appears even more real and thus heightening her emotional presence.Whilst one could interpret the artwork to convey a sense of calmness, you could also argue that an pretence of mystery is also presented through the palette of earthy tones and murky hues, the chiaroscuro of Mona Aliass garment contrasted with the lighter sky, and of course her renowned smile and eyes of which you are unable to determine its true sentiment. Her expression could also convey one of intelligence as her gaze can be interpreted as one that is subtly expressing her inner musing, indicating the importance Leonardo placed on intellect and not the just beauty that Mona Lisa evidently possesses.Whilst the artwork, Mona Lisa, by Andy Warhol, contains the original painting of Mona Lisa as its subject matter, the manipulation of the image and Whorls style has rendered the depiction of the original to have a very different effect and meaning. For example, Warhol has repeated the original numerously on the page in a seemingly ergodic manner the paintings are rotated and overlap one another. The mechanical printing process is apparent as the paintings have varying levels of registration and color.There is no ground established established resulting in shallow and flattened space, and there is no longer a focus point lacking in order and depth. Mona Aliass sum and presence is lost through her repetition the overuse of Mona Lisa gives the effect of degrading her meaning through no longer being singular and unique. The primary colourise creates a crude and brass effect, and the manipulation of her image through the mechanical process debases the quality of the original work it simply becomes an image with no connection.Overall, the significance and relationship to the original is lost through the absence of the details and style that Leonardo employed which produced the atmosphere Mona Lisa and the landscape powerfully emitted. However, another idea that you could mulct from Whorls style and subject matter is that it is a reflection of the 20th century social and cultural explosion of consumerism, quid media and production. The overuse of Mona Lisa portrays the new ability to mass produce, and her style appears mechanical, relating to consumerism and production of machines.It could also be a reflection of the medias ability to objectify through mass pr oduction Just as how Mona Lisa has lost her sense of self in his work. A further idea is that his work is a reaction against realism with the invention of photography, you no longer needed to create a replica of reality, instead Warhol created artwork that focused on the theory rather than the aesthetics of realism, and to create work that was a recognizable form of art that also utilized the one dimensional quality of a canvas.Positive connotations can also be ran, for example, whilst it is argued that Whorls work is not an original, in turn you could perceive that his work is fetching a new outlook on Mona Lisa and he is transforming high art into something modern, and in doing so, he diminished the high art exclusivity connotation that was attached to the original and challenges the concept of art that once dominated, and instead, Warhol demonstrates that art is an universal and infinitive concept (hence the repetition of Mona Lisa), that anyone can produce, interpret, underst and or relate to.

Stockhausen’s Gesang der Junglinge

Stockhausen became increasingly fascinated during the late 50s with the spatial projection of medication in the performance space. It can be said that Stockhausens Gesang der Jnglinge marked the beginning of the dying of classic musique concrete. For Kontakte in 1958, use four-track tape, he devised a cagy way make the sound of his tape music spin around the audience at various speeds. He did this in the studio using a rotating platform with a loudspeaker mounted on top. He could manually rotate the speaker up to four times a second.Stockhausen also apply a specialized tape recorder called the Springer. Originally developed to leng wherefore or shorten radio broadcasts, it used a rotating matrix of four to six-spot playback heads that spun in the opposite direction as the tape transport. As the tape passed the rotating playback array, one of the playback heads was in contact with it at all times. The output was equal to the tally of the rotating heads.It was characteristic of him that he could not be satisfied with Boulezs and Berios derivation of music from verbal sounds and structure there must be some general principle, which a single work would be enough to demonstrate completely some system which a work could bring into being. Such a system he found in the organization of degrees of comprehensibility, across a range from the plainness of speech to the total incomprehensibility of wordless music.This would require electronic means. He needed to cause everything separate into as smooth a continuum as possible, and then to extricate the diversities from this continuum and compose with them, and he found the way to do that through attending, between 1954 and 1956, classes in phonetics and information theory given at Bonn University by Werner Meyer-Eppler. Since, as he there discovered, vowel sounds ar distinguished, whoever is speaking, by characteristic formants (emphasized bands of frequencies), it seemed it ought to be possible to ca-ca synthetic vowels out of electronic sounds, so that synthesized music could begin to function as phraseology. Working from the other end, the whole repertory of tape transformations was available to transfer spoken or birdcall material and so move it towards pure, meaningless sound.Around the time that Stockhausen was formulating these criteria for electronic music, the nature of his work began to change dramatically. After completing the 2 electronic Studien, he returned to instrumental writing for about a year, completing several atonal works for piano and woodwinds, as well as the pushy orchestral work Gruppen.Gruppen, written for three complete orchestral groups, each with its own conductor, marked Stockhausens first major experiment with the spatial deployment of sound. He positioned the separate orchestras at three posts around the audience so that their sounds were physically segregated in the listening space. The groups called to each other with their instruments, echoed back and forth, sometimes compete in unity, and sometimes took turns playing alone so as to move the sound around the audience.Gruppen and his other instrumental experiments of that time were Stockhausens bridge to his nigh electronic work. By the time he embarked on the creation of Gesang der Jnglinge (Song of the Youths, 1955-56), his views on the control of dynamic elements of electronic music had broadened considerably.In this creation the synthesized electronic sounds are composed according to principles analogous to those operating in vocal sounds, and the recorded voice, that of a boy treble, is carried into the electronic stream by studio alteration and alter superimpositions creating virtual choruses, reverberations to suggest great distance, scramblings of speech and parts of words, changes of speed and direction.Nothing on either side, therefore, is quite foreign to the other, and Stockhausen invites his audience to attend to degrees of comprehensibility by using a text with which he could expect them (the work was intended for projection in Cologne Cathedral) to be familiar the German translation of the prayer sung in the Apocrypha by three young Jews in Nebuchadnezzars furnace (hence the title, Song of the Youths). Stockhausens electronic composition Gesang der Jnglinge thus attempts to integrate its biblicalGerman text with all the other materials in the composition (Morgan 442). Even so, the choice of this particular prayer cannot have been uninfluenced by what Stockhausen could have envisioned would be the imagery of the piece, with the boys singing surrounded by flames of electronic articulation.Gesang der Jnglinge is perhaps the most significant work of electronic music of the 50s because it broke from the aesthetic dogma that had preoccupied the heads of the Paris and Cologne studios. It was a work of artistic dtente, a conscious break from the purely electronically generated music of WDR, in which Stockhausen dared to include acoustical sounds, as had composers of musique concrte in France.Yet the piece is entirely unlike anything that preceded it. Stockhausens Gesang der Jnglinge draws on unorthodox audio materials (Bazzana 74). Stockhausens objective was to fuse the sonic components of recorded passages of a youth consort with equivalent tones and timbres produced electronically. He wanted to bring these two different sources of sound together into a single, fluid musical element, interlaced and dissolved into one another(prenominal) earlier than contrasted, as had been the tendency of most musique concrete. Stockhausen created some stir with works of very new spirit and imaginative form (Collaer 395).Stockhausen practiced his newly create principles of electronic music composition, setting forth a plan that required the modification of the speed, length, loudness, softness, density and compositeity, the width and narrowness of pitch intervals and differentiations of timbre in an direct and precise manner. There was nothing accidental about this combination of voices and electronic sounds. At thirteen minutes and fourteen seconds, Gesang der Jnglinge was longer than any anterior worked realized at the Cologne studio.It was a composed work, using a visual score showing the placement of sounds and their dynamic elements over the course of the work. The resolvent was an astonishingly beautiful and haunting work of sweeping, moving tones and voices. The text, taken from the Book of Daniel, was sung by a boys choir as single syllables and whole words. The words were sometimes revealed as comprehensible sounds, and at other times merely as pure sound values. Gesang der Jnglinge deals with a much greater variety of sonic material than did the earlier studies (Morgan 466).Stockhausens assimilation of a boys singing voice into the work was the result of painstaking dressing on his part. He wanted the sung parts to closely match the electronically produced tones of the piece. His composition notes fr om the time explain how he made this happen fifty-two pieces of paper with graphically notated melodies which were sung by the boy, Josef Protschka, during the recording of the individual layers.Stockhausen also produced these melodies as sine tones on tape loops for the circa 3-hour recording sessions. The boy listened to these melodies over earphones and then tried to sing them. Stockhausen chose the best result from each series of attempts for the subsequent synchronization of the layers.Gesang der Jnglinge is historically important for several reasons. It represented the beginning of the end of the first period of tape composition, which had been sharply divided aesthetically between the Paris and Cologne schools of thought. The maturity of Stockhausens approach to composing the work, blending acoustic and electronic sounds as equivocal raw materials, signified a maturing of the medium.The work successfully cast off the cloak of novelty and audio experiments that had preoccupie d so many tape compositions until that time. Stockhausens concept of composing the soundsplitting it, making the changing parameters of sound part of the theme of the workwas first exercised in Gesang der Jnglinge. Rhythmic structures were except nominally present, no formal repetition of motifs existed in the work, and its theme was the continuous evolution of sound shapes and dynamics rather than a pattern of developing tones.Gesang der Jnglinge was composed on five tracks. During its performance, five loudspeakers were placed so that they surrounded the audience. The listener was in the eye of the sonic storm, with music emanating from every side, moving clockwise and counterclockwise, moving and not moving in space.Gesang der Jnglinge was originally prepared for five tape channels, later reduced to four, and its exuberance is greatly enhanced by antiphonal effects. Stockhausen himself was to apply in many later works the discoveries he had made here in the treatment of languag e and of space, of which the latter was already claiming his attention in Gruppen for three orchestras. But perhaps the deepest lesson of Gesang der Jnglinge was that music of all kinds, whether innate(p)ly or electronically produced, is made of sounds rather than notes, and that the first task of the composer is to listen. More than ever before, Stockhausen wrote, we have to listen, every day of our lives. We draw conclusions by making tests on ourselves. Whether they are valid for others only our music can show. (Stockhausen 45-51).Stockhausens Gesang der Jnglinge provided a major turning-point in the artistic development of the studio, for against all the teachings of the establishment the piece was structured around recordings of a boys voice, do by and integrated with electronic sounds. In Stockhausen Gesang der Jnglinge electronic sounds take on a disturbing otherness when set in relief by the humanity of a boys voice, racked at times out of intelligibility, but never out o f recognition, by the dissection of its speech elements.Effects such as the distant murmur of multitudinous equal voices have a dramatic impact far more direct than Stockhausens comments on the work would suggest his concern is to incorporate vocal sounds as natural stages (complemented electronically) in the continuum that links tone to noise, vowel to consonant. His vivid imagination for broad effects is further revealed in the spatial direction and movement of the sound by distribution.Stockhausen was the most representative composers of a period which is still in its analytic phase (Collaer 48). Gesang der Jnglinge has subsequently become a crucial aspect of electronic composition and has helped to combat the faintly ridiculous sensation with which an audience concentrates on sounds emanating from a single pseudo-instrument. Stockhausens fanatical devotion to this art is sustained by a vision of public music rooms (spherical ideally) giving continuous performances of spatial mu sic. However reminiscent this may seem of some deplorable cinematic techniques, complex stereophony is an altogether natural development of machine music and may help it to achieve a persuasive idiom owing nothing to instrumental practice.Works CitedBazzana, Kevin. Glenn Gould The actor in the Work A Study in Performance Practice. Oxford University Press, 1997.Collaer, Paul and Abeles, Sally. A History of Modern Music. World Publishing, 1961.Morgan, Robert P. Twentieth-Century Music A History of musical Style in Modern Europe and America. New York. Publication, 1991.Stockhausen Actualia, Die Reihe, 1 (1955, English edn. 1958), 45-51, (see also his Music and Speech ).

Leadership Styles Essay

Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain College of Nursing 351 Transitions to Professional Nursing Spring Term 2011 Introduction lead in the twenty-first century has been redefined. As leaders we provide the voucher and guidance to begin the journey, while the managers are the ones who drive the team to the destination. leadershiphip is something you know when you see it, scarcely is very challenging to describe.Leadership development in the breast feeding profession is important because it directly impacts the care that is delivered to patients. It is critical that the entire senior leadership rush the self-same vision or mental image of what the organization intends to aim for as structure, management and organization in terms of changes for a solid foundation. Leadership Leadership is a blend of individual(prenominal) characteristics, abilities, strategies, and circumstances that enable a leader to influence individuals and organizations to accomplish a goal.Although there is no s ingle formula for fair a successful leader, some common elements include self- confidence, courage, a clear vision of the goal and how to reach it, the ability to clearly communicate the goal as well as strong personal commitment, and the ability to inspire trustfulness and respect among followers. Leadership differs from management in that leadership is a combination of personal qualities and abilities whereas management is a fulfill. Leaders are more likely to be telling when they use the management process to achieve goals.Managers are more effective when their actions demonstrate leadership qualities thereby earning the respect and trust of those they manage (Hamilton, 1996). Styles of Leadership Transformational and Transactional leadership styles are two very different methods of leadership in the nursing profession. This paper will compare and contrast these two leadership styles and support that transformational leadership style encourages quality care, job fulfillment and improved patient outcomes.The handed-down authoritarian style of leadership the top-down directive approach has largely been replaced with a more democratic and/or participative style, which involves such collaborative behaviors as consulting, discussing, cooperating, or negotiating. No one style is effective for all situations, however, so flexibility is important. For example, an authoritarian approach may be the most effective in relations with acute situations when decisions must be made and implemented quickly.Rapid technological growth, increased diversity in the workforce, and growing complexity within organizations has led to changes in the way effective leadership is defined. Leadership researchers and theorists define good leadership as future-oriented rather than present-oriented and as fostering followers commitment and ability to stick out creatively to organizations (Eagly, 2007). Political scientist James McGregor Burns (1978) described this type of leadership as transformational leadership.Transformational leaders establish themselves as role models by gaining followers trust and confidence. They establish the organizations goals, plan how to achieve the goals, and innovate. As Eagly (2007) explains, Transformational leaders mentor and empower their subordinates and encourage them to develop their potential and thus to contribute more effectively to their organization. Researchers also describe a more conservative type of leadership as transactional leadership, in which leaders establish exchange relationships with their frontline employees.After clarifying objectives and subordinates responsibilities, transactional leaders reward those who meet objectives and correct them when they fail to meet objectives. The word politics is a loaded term, heavy with images of shady characters in smoke-filled rooms, wheeling, relations, and practically stealing. But politics is really a neutral term. According to Policy and Politics for Nurses, Po litics means influencing, specifically, influences the allocation of scarce resources. Politics is a process by which one influences the decisions of others and exerts control over situations and events.It is a means to an end (Mason et al. , 2002). Becoming influential is something that can be learned, and it has as much to do with bearing as with behavior. Both aspects are necessary (Sullivan, 2004). Becoming influential includes such skills as understanding power and how to use it, communicating effectively, understanding the policy-making process, and dealing with difficult people and situations. Conclusion Work hard, play by the rules, be nice, be polite, hold yourself accountable and you will get ahead. Our mothers were right, up to a point. winning that advice, you do get ahead and your hard work is rewarded until you hit the glass ceiling. Or, as one physician called it, the gauze ceiling. Being the best at what you do is not enough to break through the gauze ceiling int o positions of leadership. Its not enough to have clinical skills you need political skills as well. Leaders make a difference in their world by influencing others to support the leaders vision or cause. To make a difference, you need political skills.Everything is political in the work environment, professional organization, community, and government. References Hamilton PM. (1996). Realities of Contemporary Nursing, 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA Addison-Wesley. Eagley AH. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage Resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly 31112. Mason DJ, Leavitt JK, Chaffee MW. (2002). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare, 4th ed. Philadelphia Saunders/Elsevier. Sullivan EJ. (2004). Becoming Influential A Guide for Nurses. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education.

Films Present Psychosocial Disabilities Essay

A number of films feature psycho well-disposed disabilities simply because some multitude suffer from these illnesses in hearty life. Through analyzing films, whizz can comprehend the attitudes of society toward people with these disabilities. It can be a special emphasis on their capabilities or a barrier on their participation in the community. Since these individuals birth to relate with society in order to grow and mature as individuals, films try to convey their stories to the audience. Through film, the societal attitudes and on how these call for the lives of people with disabilities argon explored.These may be strategies that either help or delineate the societal attitudes on those who have psychosocial disabilities. (De Leon, 352) Therefore, it helps to examine and understand the contributions of these societal attitudes and theories of spirit in order to comprehend the relations of those who have psychosocial disabilities to society. The way they cope with their illn ess and react to loss is slowly observed and from there, the method to relate is determined. It is definitive to describe the develop psychological concepts of the person suffering from the illness.His regard on body image and self-concept are factors on how he adjusts with his disability. By reviewing the psychosocial models of adaptations to the disabilities and emphasizing on the uncomplainings experiences, behaviors, chemical reactions and phases, it is easier to come up with the conclusion on how he can adjust to society. A technique films use in presenting psychosocial disabilities to audience is to figuring break the patients commonalities that are both(prenominal) personal and transpersonal to society. By observing the experiences and the reactions from these events, the onset and root of the disability is discovered.(Farrington, 135) Films dealing with psychosocial disabilities increase the understanding of society to what people with these disabilities have to go throu gh. Some willing say that these are just characterisations however, these movies are inspired by real life. By becoming familiar with the psychosocial adaptations of both the patient and society, counseling and therapeutic procedures will benefit those who need it more because their techniques in coping and adjusting have been tried and tested. This paper will discuss triad films that show psychosocial disabilities 1.) autism in The Rain Man, AIDS/human immunodeficiency computer virus in Philadephia and mental unhurriedness in Theres Something ab protrude Mary. every last(predicate) three films are popular and have been watched by most Americans, therefore it is easier to cite examples in these movies on this paper. For coherence, this paper will present how the disability was delineate in the film by describing the patients single-valued functional limitations. It will also discuss how the disability affects the patients body image and self-perceptions. whence it will procee d to the reactions, as well as the coping strategies of the patient with his disability.At the same time, the paper will indicate how societys reaction towards the patient and his ability affect his attitudes. Rain Man (1988) follows Charlie Babbit (Tom Cruise) and his transformation from a selfish yuppie to a selfless sidekick. This is because of the days he spent with his fourth-year brother Raymond (Dustin Hoffman) who is the benefactor of their fathers financial assets but is autistic and has difficulties in communicating. Charlies initial reaction to their fathers decision of leaving $3 million to his autistic brother is general as that of most people.He believes that Raymond does non understand the whole concept of money. Therefore, Charlie was determined to get his share. He goes on a road trip with Raymond, only to be annoyed by his neurotic habits. It even gets to the point that he thinks Raymond is pretending to be autistic in order for Charlie to not get his share of t he fiscal assets. Autism is a brain development disorder that affects communication and social interaction. It results to repetitive and restricted behavior. In the film, Hoffman does acts that autistics ordinarily do.An example is the memorization of details which most normal people do not pay attention to. In one scene, Charlie and Raymond are supposed to cut down to California but the latter(prenominal) resists. He then cites knowledge from both media reports and the encyclopedia on airline accidents and crashes. Raymond creates a scene when Charlie forcefully drags him to the terminal. (Stowe, 12) This is only the stock of the sling of Raymonds eccentricities which Charlie has to adjust with. Charlie uses the two-lane highways because Raymond is convinced that highway driving is fatal.He also refuses to go unwrap when it rains. The whole road trip annoys Charlie because he wants to get his inheritance as soon as possible. On the other present, the people who meet Raymond ar e amazed of his uniqueness. In a restaurant, one expect is baffled on how Raymond knows her name and her home phone number. Apparently, he has read up and memorized the directory. The same waitress drops a box of toothpicks on the floor. Raymond calculates the number of toothpicks on the floor and gets the right number. Autistic patients often prefer to do things in order.In the film, Raymond wants maple syrup served before the pancakes. When he does not get his way, he throws a tantrum which brings Charlie to a boiling point. He grabs Raymonds neck and says, Stop acting like a retard Autistic patients also like to appreciation notes. In the movie, Raymond carries a red spiral notebook where he jots down squeezed and pulled and hurt my neck in 1988. Charlies relation with his brother Raymond is an allusion of societys interaction with autistics. Initially, there are feelings of annoyance and irritation. Eventually, these strong quasi-hateful emotions will soften.Like Charlie, soc iety has a growing sense of responsibility to protect autistics from the negative aspects of the world. (Turnbull) Philadelphia (1993) tackles human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. The main character is Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks) who is a University of Pennsylvania law-school graduate. He works for a large law film in Philadelphia. He has not come out of the closet. Also, he has AIDS. It gets to the point where his condition has developed Kaposis Sarcoma. This is a form of cancer that is apparent because it comes in multiple tumors on the skin and the lymph nodes.Through a scheme that involves the deleting of the files on the case he has pondered on, he is fired from his job. In the library people leave immediately as soon as they depend Andrew with the blotches on his skin. Witnessing the disparity Andrew has to go through, Joe changes his mind and takes on the case. HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a retrovirus that results to AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The i mmune system fails to function properly. This leads to life-threatening infections in the human body.Throughout the film, Andrew and Joe establish respect and trust for one another. Joes homophobia is not an issue. Despite the shock of the Pennsylvanian population, Joe presents to everyone that Andrew is not a virus in society. He berates Andrews boss of perjury by humiliating Andrew claiming that he is incompetent, simply because he is finding a reason to let him go. In the end, Andrew wins his case and he receives a total $4,240,000. This win makes a statement on wakenual discrimination in Philadelphia in terms of preference.Unfortunately, for Andrew, the news is semisweet as he stays in a hospital with his family around him. He undergoes medication to lessen the seizures. There is a moment in the movie wherein Joe approaches Andrew and helps him with his oxygen mask. In that act, Joes fingers touch Andrews face. This is the complete opposite of how he reacted in the earlier par t of the film when he shook his hand and wiped it clean, after knowing he had AIDS. Released in the early 90s, Philadelphia signaled the move for Hollywood to depict homosexuals realistically.Since then, movies and TV shows feature gays and lesbians, which is a breather to those who are open-minded. (Gary, 224) Schools require sex education in order for teenagers to be assured and knowledgeable on HIV and AIDS. (Green, 42) Theres Something About Mary (1998) is a comedy tell by Bobby and Peter Farrelly, collectively known as the Farrelly brothers. Unlike Rain Man and Philadelphia, the psychosocial disability in Theres Something About Mary does not have an entire effect on the film.As opposed to the fact that Charlie and Raymonds relationship are affected by Raymonds autism and it is Andrews HIV that begins the case in the first place, the psychosocial disability in Theres Something About Mary is warrens mental retardation. Warren, played by W. Earl Brown, is the older brother of Mary (Cameron Diaz). He has stunted language and motor skills and has an intellectual capacity as that of a child. In the movie, he gets mad whenever strangers touch his ears. so he always has to have these covered. People who are mentally retarded have slow developmental abilities.They have a delay in their learn and development. In the movie, Ted Stroehmann (Ben Stiller) tries so hard to take care of Warren in order to show Mary how much he cares for her, that he is willing expect after her brother. Warren in the movie has a hard time speaking. He also finds it hard to remember things and cannot understand the social rules. Whenever Warren does not get his way, he threatens people with his baseball bat. He also has a trouble thinking logically and throws tantrums. The common bond among autism, AIDS and mental retardation is that these are disabilities and are not diseases.Unfortunately, there is no cure to any of these. The only way the family of the patient can help is to supp ort and be physically present as the individual goes through this hard phase. In the United States, there are agencies which assist people with psychosocial disabilities. It is operated by the state and is non-profit. There are departments that provide housing to the staff of the nurses and doctors who care for the patients. An example is the institution Raymond is staying in. Apparently, in real life, there are also institutions such as these. Another social issue that was previously taboo is homosexuality.Thanks to the participation of media, gays and lesbians are given a voice through the characters in movies and TV shows. A stereotype on homosexuals is that they are the ones who have AIDS/HIV. Apparently, straight men like Magic Johnson can also get the disability. Through information technology, people are informed on the 411 of HIV. People with psychosocial disabilities may take several medications but it will not lessen the complications. Therefore, society must participate i n special programs that will enlighten them on how to care for those who have these disabilities.It may take some time to accomplish this but the finish line is for normal people and those who have psychosocial disabilities live together, without annoyance and prejudice. (Farber, 124) The prejudice and the exclusion by society of people with these disabilities result to the factors of recognizing those who are intellectual, physical and psychologically smarter, despite their illness. This is what films featuring these disabilities have brought forth into the real world. It may be entertainment, but it is interesting to note that both Rain Man and Philadelphia were somehow inspired by real life stories.Raymond was inspired by Kin Peek while Andrew Becketts inspiration was the real-life attorney Geoffrey Bowers who also sued his law firm. One of the current concerns of society is equality. There will always be the struggle for equality, especially in marginalized parties. The equal ri ghts give individuals the ability and the power to make their own decisions. Unfortunately, autistic and those who have mental retardation cannot do as such. Therefore, the social model of disability has been created. This requires a change in society. This motivates people to be more positive toward those with the disabilities.The former must not underestimate the latters behavior and traits for the very reason that these may be potential qualities of a contributing citizen. There are social support organizations that deal with the resources, barriers and discrimination of people who have disabilities. (Patricia, 243) Lastly and most importantly, just as like that of HIV/AIDS, these organizations inform the general society what they must know about autism and mental retardation. Just because a loved one is not suffering from the psychosocial disease, it does not mean that one family will stop caring. Films encourage us to care.By allow us into the world of which we are not familia r with, we take in the knowledge that we can, be it the side comedy provided by the supporting character Warren in Theres Something About Mary, or the side story of the courtroom drama in Philadelphia or the best example out of all three, the very reason for two brothers to re-discover one another. Works Cited De Leon, George, Community As Method Therapeutic Communities for Special Populations and Special Settings, Praeger Publishers, 1997 Farrington, David P. , Early Prevention of fully grown Antisocial Behavior, Cambridge University Press, 2003Stowe, Matthew J, Tools for Analyzing Policy On the Books and Policy On The Streets, Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Vol 12, 2001 Turnbull, Rutherford III, I Have Six Kids Who Are Autistic, The Mirror, March 12, 2005 Green, Philip, Cracks in the Pedestal Ideology and Gender in Hollywood, University of Massachusetts Press, 1998 Arnold, Gary, In Fails To Keep Out Incoherent Plot Twists, The Washington Times, September 19, 1997 Farber, B ernard, Mental Retardation Its well-disposed Contexts and Social Consequences, Houghton Mifflin, 1968 Ainsworth, Patricia, Understanding Mental Retardation, University Press of Mississippi, 2004

Language and the Brain

manner of speaking and the promontory M both batch assume the physical basis of phraseology lies in the lips, the tongue, or the ear. But in contrasting(p) and mute people can also possess address fully. People who give way no capacity to use their vocal cords may restrained be able to comprehend manner of speaking and use its written forms. And tender sign actors line, which is based on visible gesture rather than the creation of articulate waves, is an infinitely creative arrangement just like spoken forms of manner of speaking.But the basis of sign language is non in the hand, just as spoken language is not based in the lips or tongue. There are many examples of aphasics who lose both the ability to write as strong as to declaim themselves using sign-language, yet they never lose manual dexterity in other tasks, such as sipping with a straw or tying their shoes. Language is conceiver stuffnot tongue, lip, ear, or hand stuff. The language organ is the mind.More sp ecifically, the language faculty seems to be located in certain areas of theleft hemispheric cortex in most healthy adults. A special branch of linguistics, New medical imaging techniques such asPETandfMRI watch allowed researchers to generate pictures showing which areas of a living brain are active at a given time. In the past, research was primarily based on observations of divergence of ability resulting from trauma to thecerebral cortex.Indeed, medical imaging has represented a radical step forward for research on speech processing. Since then, a totally series of relatively large areas of the brain have been found to be involved in speech processing. In more recent research, subcortical regions (those cunning below the cerebral cortex such as theputamenand thecaudate nucleus) as well as the pre-motor areas (BA 6) have received increased attention.It is now generally fictitious that the following structures of the cerebral cortex near theprimary and secondary auditory cort exesplay a fundamental role in speech processing * best temporal gyrus(STG)morphosyntacticprocessing (anterior section), integration ofsyntacticandsemanticinformation (posterior section) * Inferior frontal gyrus(IFG,Brodmann area(BA)45/47) syntactic processing,working recollection * Inferior frontal gyrus(IFG,BA 44) syntactic processing, working memory * Middle temporal gyrus(MTG)lexical semanticprocessing The left hemisphere is usually dominant in right-handed people, although bilateral activations are not uncommon in the area of syntactic processing. It is now accepted that the right hemisphere plays an important role in the processing of suprasegmental acoustic features likeprosody. Most areas of speech processing develop in the second year of conduct in the dominant half (hemisphere) of the brain, which often (though not necessarily) corresponds to the opposite of thedominant hand. 8 percent of right-handed people are left-hemisphere dominant, and the majority of left-hande d people as well. What can language disorders tell us about the brains language areas? Tourettes syndrome, which produces random and involuntary emotive reflex responses, including vocalizations This type of disorder, which often affects language use, is set aboutd by a disfunction in the subcortex. There is no filter which prevents the s animatedest stimulus from producing a vocal response, sometimes of an inappropriate manner using abusive language or expletives. These words are involuntary and often the affected individual is not even aware of uttering them (like um in many individuals) and only realizes it when video is vie back.This syndrome is not so much a language disorder per se as a disorder of the filters on the adult emotional reflex systema kind of expletive hiccup. True language is housed in the cortex of the left hemisphere, not in the subcortical area that controls involuntary responses. Certain types of brain damage can affect language production without actually eliminating language from the brain. A stroke that damages the muscles of the vocal apparatus may leave the purloin cognitive structure of language intactas witnessed by the fact that right hemisphere stroke victims often understand language perfectly well and write it perfectly with their right handalthough their speech may be slurred due to lack of muscle control.We have also seen that certain disorders involving the subcortexthe quarter of involuntary emotional responsemay have linguistic side effects, such as in some cases of Tourettes syndrome. But what happens when the areas of the brain which control language are affected directly, and the individuals raise command of language is affected? We will see that language disorders can shed a great deal of light on the enigma of the human language instinct. SLI. One rare language disorder seems to be inborn rather than the result of damage to a antecedently normal brain. I have said that children are born with a natural instinct to prepare language, the so-called LAD however, a tiny minority of babies are born with an apparent defect in this LAD.Certain families appear to have a hereditary language acquisition disorder, labeledspecific language impairment, orSLI. Children born with this disorder usually have normal intelligence, perhaps even high intelligence, but as children they are never able to dramatise language naturally and effortlessly. They are born with their window of opportunity already closed to natural language acquisition. These children grow up without succeeding in acquiring any consistent grammatical patterns. Thus, they never command any language welleven their indigen language. As children and then as adults, their speech in their native language is a catalog of random grammatical errors, such asIts a flying birds, they are. These boy eat two cookie.John is work in the factory. These errors are random, not the set patterns of an alternate dialect the next conversation the same SLI-af flicted individual might sayThis boys eats two cookies. These sentences, in fact, were uttered by a British teenager who is at the top of his class in mathematics he is highly intelligent, just grammar blind. SLI sufferers are incapable of perfecting their skills through beingness taught, just as some people are incapable of being taught how to draw well or how to see certain colors. This is the best proof we have that the language instinct most children are born with is a skill quite distinct from general intelligence.Because SLI occurs in families and seems to have no environmental cause whatsoever, it is assumed to be caused by some hereditary factor believably a mutant, recessive gene that interferes with or impairs the LAD. The precise gene which causes SLI has yet to be located. Aphasia We know which specific areas of the left hemisphere are involved in the production and processing of particular aspects of language. And we know this primarily from the study of patients who h ave had damage to certain parts of the left hemispheric cortex. Damage to this area produces a condition calledaphasia, or speech impairment (also called dysphasia in Britain). The study of language loss in a once normal brain is calledaphasiology. Aphasia is caused by damage to the language centers of the left hemisphere in the region of thesylvian fissure.Nearly 98% of aphasia cases can be traced to damage in theperisylvian areaof the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. Remember, however, that in the occasional individual language is localized elsewhere and in children language is not yet fully localized. SUMMARY Lets sum up three important facts about language and brain. First, humans are born with the innate capacity to acquire the extremely complex, creative system of communication that we call language. We are born with alanguage instinct, which Chomsky calls the LAD (language acquisition device). This language aptitude is completely different from inborn reflex responses to stimuli as laughter, sneezing, or crying.The language instinct seems to be a uniquely human genetic endowment nearly all children open(a) to language naturally acquire language almost as if by magic. Only in rare cases are children born without this magical ability to gain abstract syntactic patterns from their environment. These children are said to suffer fromSpecific Language Impairment, orSLI. It is thought that SLI is caused by a mutant gene which disrupts the LAD. The LAD itself, of course, is probably the result of the complex interaction of many genesnot just oneand the malfunction of some single key gene simply short-circuits the system. For example, a wrong carburetor wire may prevent an engine from running, but the engine is more than a single carburetor wire.Many thousands of genes contribute to the makeup of the human brainmore than to any other single aspect of the human body. To isolate the specific set of genes that act as the blueprint for the language organ i s something no one has even begun to do. Second, thenatural ability for acquiring language normally diminished rapidly somewhere around the age of puberty. There is a diminutive agefor acquiring fluent native language. This phenomenon seems to be connected with thelateralizationof language in the left hemisphere of most individualsthe hemisphere associated withmonolinear cognition(such as abstract reasoning and step-by step physical tasks) and not the right hemisphere, which is associated with 3D spatial acuity, artistic and musical ability.Unlike adults, children seem to be able to employ both hemispheres to acquire language. In other words, one might say that children acquire language three-dimensionally while adults must learn it two dimensionally. Third and finally, in most adultsthe language organ is the perisylvian area of the left hemispheric cortex. Yesterday we discussed the extensive catalog of evidence that shows language is usually housed in this specific area of the bra in. Only the human species uses this area for communication. The signals of animal systems of communication seem to be controlled by the subcortex, the area which in humans controls similar inborn response signals such as laughter, crying, fear, desire, and so forth

Modern Accounting Systems

For the past ten years I have been running my own personal credit line, Decisive real property. I am a corporeal land investor that purchases apartment building and assume them out to tenants. This has caused me to manage my finances by creating my own accountancy methods. My methods are effective besides require a carry on of brushing and polishing. In other word, it needs to be revamp. Taking this class has do me realize possibilities that I give implement to be to a greater extent efficient. The write up brass that I have learn over the past five weeks go away be applied to my business to make it more manageable, exempt the adjudicate works, and assist me in measuring success or failure.Modern accounting has assisted teentsy business like mine and large corporations to attire their business and keep track of important details. In this paper I will present circumstances where modern accounting has contributed to the success of businesses. I will in like manner pre sent examples of modern accounting systems assisted modern nerve in the business manhood. Accounting is the recording, tracking, and reporting of the finances of an organization. Having several apartments is a advantage that involves the managing of rent collection, maintenance, utilities, and repairs just to name a few.All of which includes financial aspects that need to be accounted for. Without accounting businesses would be at risk and susceptible to failure. Accounting contribute be traced back to the beginning of civilization. The history of accounting has participated in the development of money and banking which are essential to our livelihood. It has also saved many industries and entrepreneurs from bankruptcy. Large and small businesses estimate on accurate and useful information. That is why accounting has provided businesses the ability to operate efficiently.Unless the practice of accounting is handled ethically then the information is useless and businesses could fail. The flowing world of business and accounting is mingyd on the com rambleer and the information revolution. The revolution has been on going for past decades and continues to advance. Throughout the periods the computer has proved to be fitted for accounting. Since computers works at high speed a number of routine accounting and other functions evict be wreak. It can efficiently press the insistent trans follow throughs of account receivable and payable, inventories, and payroll.The efficiency of the computer reduces errors when documenting these types of transactions. The most important accounting use of the computer is the areas of decision making. Since the computer can process a lot of accounting information and can co-relate a number of variables, it is of big help in inventory take in, production scheduling, market research and dispersion logistic, etc. The accounting use of the computer is in such applications which could non be handled before the advent of co mputers.Therefore, the management of a modern business use up can plan its production, keep check on its inventories, work out the best method of distribution of products and reach the most optimum course action by means of the help of modern computers. (Vataliya, K. S. 2008. P 19). The modern world accelerates towards new economic system and the means of manual functions has been replaced by computers and other devices accounting is non excluded. The engine room that is involved with accounting was developed to deal with complicated calculations involved with accounting in organizations.The technology facilitated routine work associated with accounting which made organization accounting department function efficiently. Some example of efficiency includes the number of steps taken from posting vouchers to the preparation of final statement of account is less than those need under the manual system. This is because the basic data does not have to be copied out again and again. This eliminates errors and makes for greater accuracy. The system followed, however, depends upon the type of computer used. (Vataliya, K. S. 2009. P 81). entropy systems have to be effective by providing control, compatibility, flexibility, and a good cost/benefit relationship. (Horngren 2009 P 354). Modern organizations are responsible for internal control by first ensuring automated accounting procedures are optimum. Decisive Realty has what I would call a functional substandard accounting system. That is because it work but not efficient. System compatibility is necessary to ensure that it works smoothly with personnel and organization mental synthesis.One compatible awareness is ensuring that the correct software suites the size or structure of an organization. Decisive Realty has a land lady (my wife), she consistently complains that I am the only one that understand the functions of the excel program. Decisive Realty will use QuickBooks program in the future and ensure tha t the land lady is train. An organization accounting system must be flexible. Businesses sometime tend to larn or change, and flexibility assures the capability to accommodate changes.Decisive Realty has plans to expand but would be unwise until a legitimate accounting system is put in place to accommodate the complexity of accounting. Lastly, managers have to determine which method of accounting benefits a business financially. The determination can be made base on the size of the organization. Using a certified public accountant to conduct my real estate accounting would not be an economical good weft when I can use a program like QuickBooks. After further investment and more properties are involve then need for a CPA would be necessary.Modern Accounting SystemsFor the past ten years I have been running my own business, Decisive Realty. I am a real estate investor that purchases apartment building and rent them out to tenants. This has caused me to manage my finances by creatin g my own accounting methods. My methods are effective but require a lot of brushing and polishing. In other word, it needs to be revamp. Taking this class has made me realize possibilities that I will implement to be more efficient. The accounting system that I have learn over the past five weeks will be applied to my business to make it more manageable, alleviate the guess works, and assist me in measuring success or failure.Modern accounting has assisted small business like mine and large corporations to organize their business and keep track of important details. In this paper I will present circumstances where modern accounting has contributed to the success of businesses. I will also present examples of modern accounting systems assisted modern organization in the business world. Accounting is the recording, tracking, and reporting of the finances of an organization. Having several apartments is a service that involves the managing of rent collection, maintenance, utilities, an d repairs just to name a few.All of which includes financial aspects that need to be accounted for. Without accounting businesses would be at risk and susceptible to failure. Accounting can be traced back to the beginning of civilization. The history of accounting has participated in the development of money and banking which are essential to our livelihood. It has also saved many industries and entrepreneurs from bankruptcy. Large and small businesses depend on accurate and useful information. That is why accounting has provided businesses the ability to operate efficiently.Unless the practice of accounting is handled ethically then the information is useless and businesses could fail. The current world of business and accounting is based on the computer and the information revolution. The revolution has been on going for past decades and continues to advance. Throughout the periods the computer has proved to be suitable for accounting. Since computers works at high speed a number of routine accounting and other functions can be process. It can efficiently crunch the repetitive transactions of account receivable and payable, inventories, and payroll.The efficiency of the computer reduces errors when documenting these types of transactions. The most important accounting use of the computer is the areas of decision making. Since the computer can process a lot of accounting information and can co-relate a number of variables, it is of big help in inventory control, production scheduling, market research and distribution logistic, etc. The accounting use of the computer is in such applications which could not be handled before the advent of computers.Therefore, the management of a modern business concern can plan its production, keep check on its inventories, work out the best method of distribution of products and reach the most optimum course action through the help of modern computers. (Vataliya, K. S. 2008. P 19). The modern world accelerates towards new eco nomic system and the means of manual functions has been replaced by computers and other devices accounting is not excluded. The technology that is involved with accounting was developed to deal with complicated calculations involved with accounting in organizations.The technology facilitated routine work associated with accounting which made organization accounting department function efficiently. Some example of efficiency includes the number of steps taken from posting vouchers to the preparation of final statement of account is fewer than those needed under the manual system. This is because the basic data does not have to be copied out again and again. This eliminates errors and makes for greater accuracy. The system followed, however, depends upon the type of computer used. (Vataliya, K. S. 2009. P 81). Information systems have to be effective by providing control, compatibility, flexibility, and a good cost/benefit relationship. (Horngren 2009 P 354). Modern organizations are responsible for internal control by first ensuring automated accounting procedures are optimum. Decisive Realty has what I would call a functional substandard accounting system. That is because it work but not efficient. System compatibility is necessary to ensure that it works smoothly with personnel and organization structure.One compatible awareness is ensuring that the correct software suites the size or structure of an organization. Decisive Realty has a land lady (my wife), she consistently complains that I am the only one that understand the functions of the excel program. Decisive Realty will use QuickBooks program in the future and ensure that the land lady is train. An organization accounting system must be flexible. Businesses sometime tend to grow or change, and flexibility assures the capability to accommodate changes.Decisive Realty has plans to expand but would be unwise until a legitimate accounting system is put in place to accommodate the complexity of accounting. Lastly, managers have to determine which method of accounting benefits a business financially. The determination can be made base on the size of the organization. Using a CPA to conduct my real estate accounting would not be an economical good choice when I can use a program like QuickBooks. After further investment and more properties are involve then need for a CPA would be necessary.

Cars and Bikes Essay

Cars and Bikes Bikes and cars are both of the m both ways of transportation. Both toilet be use to drive people to places they want to go to without walking. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. And each has its own type and standard of people as well as its antithetical uses and forms. Not all the people could afford buying a car. A car could be very expensive to some people. For example, we often see little people riding bicycles in the middle of the streets. For those people, oscillations are their only way of transportation to their work, to the market, to schools, to anywhere they want to get to as long as its not too far away.Bikes are also used by kids to play and have fun with their friends in the club or something like that. miserable people cannot be found driving a car, because bikes are way cheaper to them and are something they can hardly afford to get. Cars are used to travel to dissimilar places and cities, which means that theyre good for long distances because theyre faster and safer than bikes. Cars work with motors that make them easy to drive, and long distances would not be a problem to the driver because he doesnt put so frequently effort to make the car move.However, a bike is mostly moved by all the efforts the rider can put. No motor or anything, but its all by moving the riders leg, and its so slow that it can never be used for long distances. Moreover, bikes are so dangerous compared to cars. Passengers in a car are more protected against accidents or any injuries. The car includes a lot of advantages that help to protect them, like the seat belt, the air bag and the cars roof that covers the driver and all the separate passengers.While a person who rides a bike is more likely to get injured badly when he gets hit by a car, or happens to get involved in a simple accident as theres no roof to protect him and a bike isnt strong enough to handle any tough situation. A serious accident happening to a bikes rid er can until now lead to death sometimes as the injuries may get so dangerous. Basically, as we can see there are so many things these two means of transportation differ in, but still they both serve for the same purpose.For short distances, it doesnt really matter which mean to choose theyd both get you to the place you want to reach. They both are fun to use. But it always depends on the people and the right usage. Finally, I totally privilege driving a car than riding a bike in general even for very short distances. Because using a car is much safer and easier and doesnt take too much effort unlike using a bike. Though, I cant deny that riding a bike with friends in a summer spot, on the beach or in the club could be so much fun.

Investment Appraisal Essay Question Essay

Q3) Using quantitative and qualitative information, suggest which school Felix and Holly should invest in.In the brass study we are told that Felix and Holly are finding it hard to decide whether to invest in a soccer school or a shed light onball school. They tail assembly use many different enthronisation estimate techniques which are both qualitative and quantitative in order to identify which coronation would be most get or worthwhile. They need to consider the level of risk involved, how quickly the investment go away take to manufacture off and whether the investment will be advantageous.There are three main types of quantitative investment appraisal techniques that Felix and Holly could use to identify which investment is most profitable. The first investment appraisal technique is vengeance and this measures how quickly the investment can be paid back. Using the estimations that Felix and Holly throw off submitted, the payback period for the soccer school is 3 c ategorys and 4 months. The payback period for the netball school is 2 years and 8 months. This means that Felix and Holly would be better off investing in the netball school as it would take a shorter period of time to cover their cost. Another investment appraisal technique that could be utilise is business relationship stray of regress. This appraisal measures the profitability of any investment and the profit is expressed as a percentage. determine morecapital budgeting examples essayFor the soccer school the accounting rate of return is 8.8% whereas it is 17.6% for the netball school. The comparison amidst these two proves that the netball school would be a better investment as the percentage of accounting rate of return is much high than that of the soccer school. In addition, another quantitative method of appraisal is net present value. Unlike payback and ARR, this investment appraisal considers the value of money over time. It converts all monetary values into todays values to allow for a realistic assessment of the returns of the years ahead. At 8% over 5 years, both the soccer school and netball school investments have a verifying value which means that they are both worthwhile. However the value of the netball school is 12,430 which is a lot higher than the soccer school value at 6,950. This means that the netball school would be much more profitable for Felix and Holly as the value of the money is still greater than the soccer school.Qualitative methods of investment appraisal can also be used to identify which school would be most worthwhile for Felix and Holly to invest into. roughly important factors that would need to be taken into consideration by Felix and Holly for their business are their objectives, resources available and the economy. A qualitative method of appraisal that can be used is natural rate of return. This investment appraisal allows specific information such as the return on the investment to be calculated. When calc ulated for the netball school, the internal rate of return is over 20% whereas the internal rate of return for the soccer school is mingled with 16% and 20%. This means that the netball school has a higher rate of return than the soccer school.In conclusion, after using both quantitative and qualitative methods of investment appraisal I have place that the most worthwhile appraisal would be the netball school. My reasons for this is because it has a shorter payback period which means that it would take a much shorter period of time to pay back. In addition, the accounting rate of return of the netball school was much higher than the soccer school. Moreover, the net present value proves that the value of the money invested inwardly the netball school will be much higher than that invested in the soccer school over a 5 year period. Consequently, the internal rate of return shows that the rate of return on the investment of the netball school is higher than the return on the soccer school. Overall, all the various investment appraisal techniques that have been used have their advantages and limitations.A payback appraisal is quick and easy to calculate and can be easily understood exactly it does not calculate the overall profitability of the investment or consider timing of cash flows within the payback period. Whereas an accounting rate of return does take cash flows into consideration. It also focuses on the profitability of the investment and is a good source for comparisons. Its limitations are that it ignores the timing of cash flows and the value of money over time. A net present value appraisal considers both timing and size of cash flows but it is a fairly complex system to use. Lastly, the internal rate of return can be easily used to compare different investments but is also very complex to understand and use. All appraisal techniques have many limitations but they are valuable methods to consider when deciding on a particular investment. In this c ase all four appraisal techniques have been used to conclude that the most appropriate investment would be to invest in the netball school.

Classroom †Toelf Essay Essay

In general, most stack tend to view things differently, even whether if classrooms environment should be synergistic or not. To some masses, they may think that classrooms are interposes where teachers lecture and the students listen. However, in my opinion, I believe that classrooms should be interactive. The following vitrines and examples will help support my point of view. People have different backgrounds. Students, especially in international schools, have varying backgrounds, which may result in different views.A classroom is a place for learning experiences, therefore, it is crucial that varying opinions are brought to the t sufficient. Take the example of a business class. In discussing whether or not coffee stands should be locate within the campus or outside, the teacher may Do you think that students will always understand every single thing the teacher lecture nigh if they werent allow to ask questions? In complicated classes such as math or learning there are man y things that usually confuse the students.It is nigh impossible for the teacher to be able to make sure that everyone understands, let alone knowing whom doesnt what. Courage. When your kids grow up, they do not survive alone. Courage is an important aspect in working with others, whether it is to lead or just to follow. In the case of Pearson Hardman, an international law firm, they seek not only people with knowledge but also people who have individuality, people who could think for themselves and are not afraid to express their opinion. Where is a better place to develop those traits than in classrooms.Classrooms where students are allowed, and encouraged, to speak out their mind. In conclusion, it is hard to make all people view things in the same way, even in the case of whether or not classrooms should be interactive. or so people may agree that it should not be because discussions may lead to the teacher not be able to teaches everything he intended to. However, to me, I strongly agree that classrooms should be interactive. The examples and cases mentioned above have back up my point of view to the best.

Observations at Roosevelt middle school Essay

I take note at Roosevelt Middle School, which is in River Forest, in Mrs. von von Brauns sixth grade English form on Tuesdays in the morning. As I have observed, I have noticed that the classroom is student-centered. During estimator time, Mrs. Braun focused more on helping the students get into the computer program to start the appellation than on having enough time to get the assignment done. Several times, Mrs. Braun gave helpful comments on how to do things on the computer or in the program, much(prenominal) as how to install automatic spell check. Mrs. Braun was also very patient as she was being asked questions while she was trying to explain the assignment.From what I saw, somewhat students were getting bored, though, while the assignment was being explained and started whispering to all(prenominal) other. However, the whispering did stop when the students had to get started on the assignment. I have also observed that there seems to be a strong set of rules in place in Mrs. Brauns classroom. This is evident through some of Mrs. Brauns subtle, and not-so-subtle, reminders. For example, she softly make an example of a student by pointing out that his decorated pen (with a kookie topper on it) was not allowed in class if it was going to be played and not used.She made a general statement that all pens similar to it are not welcomed is they are going to be played with. Overall, the students follow the rules very well, and there have not been any severe disruptions. thither has completely been whispering occasionally, but it stopped when Mrs. Braun asked. Disciplinary strategies seem to be in place as well, although I have not seen any discipline used while I have been observant the class. There is even a routine in place in the classroom for each tip. During period one, first of all, old assignments are collected by Mrs. Braun, and then verbiage is covered.Then a vocabulary assignment is given with any other impudent assignments on what is bein g cover in class. following(a) the teacher reads or goes over any assigned readings from the book that is being covered in class. This is the identical basic routine for period two. The third period is computer time and the routine seems to vary. There is a quick transition from activity to activity during these routines. The classroom surroundings is that of a basic classroom setting. There are some decorations and other things hanging on the wall. Among the decorations is a hand-made calendar on the wall by Mrs. Brauns desk.There is a history of each students last foretell on the wall on the other side of Mrs. Brauns desk. There seems to be a controlled temperature and lighting in the classroom and they are set at an adequate setting. The room is arranged with basketball team groups of desks in a circular type shape. In the middle of the room is a cart where new assignments are put and reading journals are kept. There are polar locations throughout the room for different sup plies. With the layout of the room, it seems there is adequate space to move round and do in-class activities. The physical space also seems conducive to teaching and learning.The physical space, including seating and grouping arrangements, seems to enhance cooperation and learning because there seems to be fewerer distractions around them. There seems to be fewer distractions because the students have less people to talk to than if they were seated in rows, though they may still be tempted to talk. This classroom seems to function well as a total environment through its layout. I have observed many things in my first two observations in Mrs. Brauns class. The students do a lot of in-seat assignments, such as handouts. There seems to be a few good projects being done but they are done mostly outside of class.I heart that some time should be spent in class working on the projects, even if it is 10-15 minutes. The layout seems deal both a good imagination and a bad idea. It seems like a good idea because if one student gets stuck on something, there are others around to help. It seems to be a bad idea, though, because of what I stated before, there is still the temptation for the students to talk when they are not suppose to and distract each other. The only implication I have is that it seems that some old methods are hard to leave behind, such as busy work (hand outs), for more interactive methods (interaction with each other).

African Americans and Southern Racism During Reconstruction Essay

IntroductionAt the end of the Civil warfare, the States go about the difficult task of uniting not only two separated territories of the United States, but excessively two races coherent separated by racism and culture. Devastated and embittered by the damage of the war, the southmost had a long way to go in order to achieve true par between the former break ones back owners and former slaves. The majority of the southerly remained set in racist behavior, finding post-Civil War legal loopholes to accrue African American rights (Tindall & Shi, 2010, pp. 757-758). Southerners continued to marginalize Blacks in their behavior toward ex-slaves and the later African American generation, act the escalation of racial tensions through white terror and discriminatory attitudes (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 759). Most subversively, Confederate news topics propagated stereotypes against African Americans in their insurance coverage and descriptions of constitutional radiation diagrams ( Logue, 1979, p. 342). Although Radical Reconstruction offered some progress toward social equality after the Civil War, its achievement was short-lived as African Americans suffered vast disenfranchisement through racist rulings, attitudes, and media representation in the South at the turn of the century.Rulings against African AmericansAfter the Civil War had come to an end, African Americans in the South rapidly made use of their new-found political and social rights, employing their right to vote from the Fifteenth Amendment and serving as vainglorious political figures (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 722). However, the formerly fervent commitment to Radical Reconstruction soon dwindled (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 739). Many of the advances toward civil equality were soon erased In 1883, the Supreme Court declared the Civil Rights Laws of 1875 unconstitutional, and the political power Blacks had gained, especially in the South where 90% of Blacks lived, was completely undone. Black vote rparticipation dropped from 96% to 26% in South Carolina in just 12 years (1876-1888) in those same 12 years, voter participation of Blacks dropped from 53% to 18% in Georgia (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 5). Even while African Americans enjoyed an uninhibited freedom to voting rights, legion(predicate) still suffered disenfranchisement at the hands of rampant racial discrimination in the South.Although discontent Southerners could not clog the Black right to vote, they found ulterior methods to marginalize African Americans. Since the Fifteenth Amendment made it impossible plainly to deny African Americans the right to vote, disenfranchisement was accomplished indirectly, through such devices as poll taxes (or head taxes) and literacy tests (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 757). Jim genus Corvus laws mandated racial segregation in public areas in the South and were often accompanied by physical abuse and terror to African Americans (Tindall & Shi, 2010, pp. 756-759).These underha nd activities in the South demonstrated that while African Americans were technically free, they continually suffered from unjust rulings and actions. These sprang from the rampantly racist attitudes in the South Although great strides were made toward political and economical freedom for Blacks following the Civil War, the progress made was quickly squashed by political movements and rhetoric, which implied that Blacks could not handle their newly-found freedom and that the White working class was threatened by Blacks who were trying to take their jobs, their property, and their presidential term away from them (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 5).Racist AttitudesMany Southerners continued to believe and propagate these ideas that African Americans had a subversive agendum to the White working class. These ideas culminated in deep-seated attitudes against African Americans in the South During the 1890s the attitudes that had permitted moderation in race relations evaporated. A violent Negrophobia swept across the South and much of the nation at the end of the century (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 756). However, African Americans at the turn of the century had become weary of disenfranchisement and were ready to put up up against these attitudes This generation was more assertive and less patient than their parents. We are not the Negro from who the gyves of slavery fell a quarter century ago, most assuredly not, a black editor announced (Tindall &Shi, 2010, p. 756). Unfortunately, this may have simply increased a White agenda of racial discrimination, as a growing number of young white adults, however, were equally determined to keep Negroes in their institutionalise (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 756).Whether Southerners felt that African Americans imposed a threat to their jobs, their safety, or their rights, the overarching attitude of the South clearly displayed a strong desire to maintain racial dominance of the pre-Civil War era. Part of this attitude moti vated a desire to limit education for African Americans To keep Blacks uneducated meant Whites could boast of their superior intellect this had been in the arsenal of Whites for hundreds of years prior to Reconstruction and continues to be used over 130 years after Reconstruction. Denial of education for Blacks existed through Reconstruction as a form of White racism and a justification for their inferior political and economic status (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 6). Any kind of advantage Whites could claim in the South became ammunition in their discriminatory attitudes. These ideas and attitudes fed the propagation of racist stereotypes and bias in southern newspapers.Prejudiced Media in the SouthPerhaps the most subtle yet shocking form of racism in the South during Reconstruction was the biased reporting of many southern newspapers. Whether the ideas and attitudes of many southern Whites influenced these published stereotypes or vice versa, it is clear that southern publi cations often encouraged and promoted racist attitudes at the end of the century. A publication in Charleston, South Carolina displayed this racist subtext While promising its readers truth, the Charleston Mercury mocked journalistic licence by actually printing racist ridicule. A favorite method was to scorn African-Americans in the linguistic rule as a race, exploiting racist attitudes saved by white readers from slavery (Logue, 1979, p. 339). Covering the constitutional convention in Columbia in 1867, white journalists used racist stereotypes in describing the black delegates involvement Reporters show how blacks would chuckle and grin, thereby exploiting the racist assumption of many whites that blacks were mere fun-loving, animal-like creatures who had to be protected from themselves (Logue, 1979, p. 341).The Charleston paper encouraged racistattitudes through the ridicule of black speech and pronunciation, mocking ex-slave ignorance rather than reporting measurable issues discussed at the convention When blacks debated the issue of changing the title of districts to counties, for example, the only thing the reporters heard was the very rough sound of deestrict as district is pronounced by some of the delegates. Because of their preoccupation with such factors, reporters seldom sure their readers about issues that were discussed, such as public education, relief from debts, taxes, and so on (Logue, 1979, p. 342). In this manner, the South remained entrapped in a media-fueled suspicion and fear of African Americans, feeding the continued presence of racism and discrimination during the post-Civil War reconstruction.ConclusionIn conclusion, the progress of Radical Reconstruction largely failed to reform the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South on a long-term scale. The attitudes of the Southern whites continued to influence the freedom of former slaves as they go about discriminating rulings, racist attitudes, and biased media. While some African Americans from further generations were largely unwilling to gesticulate subserviently to the effects of white terror and discrimination, civil rights equality had a long and arduous road to completion in the South. While many of the racist attitudes of the post-Civil War South seem shocking to a modern-day reader, the influence of the actions and attitudes of white Southerners serves as a reminder of the power of repeated falsehoods, particularly at bottom media subtext and bias.The disenfranchisement of African Americans during reconstruction displays the extent of deep-seated racial prejudice based on fear, stubbornness, and ignorance. As Burris-Kitchen and Burris demo out Throughout American history, Blacks have been demonized and shepherds crookized, and this history has led us to where we are today. Until we can modify the perceptions of Blacks through the media, political and economic arenas they will continue to pay the price for an inherently racist polit ical, economic, educational, and criminal justice system (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 14).ReferencesBurris-Kitchen, D., & Burris, P. (2011). From slavery to prisons Ahistorical delineation of the criminalization African Americans. Journal of world(a) Intelligence & Policy, 4 (5), 1-16. Retrieved from http//0-web.ebscohost.com.library.regent.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=adef70d4-c4d9-4d2b-b5c9-3b1efa487879%40sessionmgr14&vid=2&hid=127 Logue, C. M. (March 1979). Racist reporting during reconstruction. Journal of Black Studies, 9 (3), 335-349. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/2784304 Tindall, G. B. Shi, D. E. (2010). America A narrative history (8th ed.). New York W.W. Norton & Company.